Dynamic ultrasonography of the shoulder

Ultrasonography (US) is a useful diagnostic method that can be easily applied to identify the cause of shoulder pain. Its low cost, excellent diagnostic accuracy, and capability for dynamic evaluation are also advantages. To assess all possible causes of shoulder pain, it is better to follow a standardized protocol and to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the shoulder than to conduct a focused examination. Moreover, a proper dynamic study can enhance the diagnostic quality of US, especially when the pathology is not revealed by a static evaluation. The purpose of this article is to review the common indications for dynamic US of the shoulder, and to present the basic techniques and characteristic US findings

CT Angiography for Living Kidney Donors: Accuracy, Cause of Misinterpretation and Prevalence of Variation

OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of the use of multi-detector row CT (MDCT) to predict vascular anatomy in living kidney donors and to reveal the prevalence of vascular variations in a Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 153 living kidney donors that had undergone preoperative CT and nephrectomy, either with open or laparoscopic surgery, were selected retrospectively. The initial CT results were compared with the surgical findings and repeated review sessions of CT scans were performed to determine the causes of mismatches in discordant cases. RESULTS: The accuracy of CT angiography was 95% to predict the number of renal vessels. Four arteries and two veins were missed during the initial CT interpretation due to perception errors (for two arteries and two veins) and technical limitations (two arteries). The prevalence of multiple renal arteries and veins, early branching of a renal artery and late confluence of a renal vein were 31%, 5%, 12%, 17%, respectively. The circumaortic renal vein and the bilateral inferior vena cava were found in two cases each (1.3%). One case (0.7%) each of a retroaortic renal vein and a supradiaphragmatic originated renal artery were found. CONCLUSION: MDCT provides a reliable method to evaluate the vascular anatomy and variations of living kidney donors

Brain ultrasonographic findings of late-onset circulatory dysfunction due to adrenal insufficiency in preterm infants

Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterize the brain ultrasonographic findings of late-onset circulatory dysfunction (LCD) due to adrenal insufficiency (AI) in preterm infants. Methods: Among the 257 preterm infants born at <33 weeks of gestation between December 2009 and February 2014 at our institution, 35 preterm infants were diagnosed with AI. Brain ultrasonographic findings were retrospectively analyzed before and after LCD in 14 preterm infants, after exclusion of the other 21 infants with AI due to the following causes: death (n=2), early AI (n=5), sepsis (n=1), and patent ductus arteriosus (n=13). Results: Fourteen of 257 infants (5.4%) were diagnosed with LCD due to AI. The age at LCD was a median of 18.5 days (range, 9 to 32 days). The last ultrasonographic findings before LCD occurred showed grade 1 periventricular echogenicity (PVE) in all 14 patients and germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) with focal cystic change in one patient. Ultrasonographic findings after LCD demonstrated no significant change in grade 1 PVE and no new lesions in eight (57%), grade 1 PVE with newly appearing GMH in three (21%), and increased PVE in three (21%) infants. Five infants (36%) showed new development (n=4) or increased size (n=1) of GMH. Two of three infants (14%) with increased PVE developed cystic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and rapid progression to macrocystic encephalomalacia. Conclusion: LCD due to AI may be associated with the late development of GMH, increased PVE after LCD, and cystic PVL with rapid progression to macrocystic encephalomalacia

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of snapping annular ligament in the elbow

Elbow snapping by annular ligament is rare and may be difficult to diagnose, when this Epub ahead of print condition is not familiar. We report a case of elbow snapping by annular ligament diagnosed by ultrasonography, which was confirmed by arthroscopic observation. The ultrasonographic findings were thickening of the annular ligament and snapping in and out of the radiocapitellar joint during elbow flexion and extension on dynamic ultrasonography

Effect of Patient’s Positioning on the Grade of Tendinosis and Visible Range of Infraspinatus Tendon on Ultrasound

Purpose To investigate the effect of patient positioning on tendinosis grade, visible range, and infraspinatus tendon (IST) thickness, and to determine the feasibility of internal rotation (IR) position to assess IST on ultrasound (US). Materials and Methods This study included 52 shoulders of 48 subjects who were evaluated for IST in three different positions: neutral position (N), IR, and position with the ipsilateral hand on the contralateral shoulder (HC). Two radiologists retrospectively graded IST tendinosis from grade 0 to grade 3 and the visible range from grade 1 to grade 4. The thickness of the IST was measured by another radiologist with a short-axis view. A generalized estimating equation was used for statistical analysis. Results The tendinosis grades were higher in the HC position than in the IR position, with a cumulative odds ratio of 2.087 (p = 0.004, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.268–3.433). The tendinosis grades in the HC position (p = 0.370) and IR position (p = 0.146) were not significantly different from those in the N position. The overall difference in IST thickness was significant (p < 0.001), but the visible range (p = 0.530) was not significantly different according to position. Conclusion Patient positioning significantly affected the grade of tendinosis and thickness but not the visible range of the IST. The IR position is a feasible position for assessing the IST on US

쇄골에 발생한 개화성 반응성 골막염: 증례 보고

Copyrights © 2022 The Korean Society of Radiology.Florid reactive periostitis (FRP) is a rare benign fibro-osseous proliferation, occurring mostly in the short tubular bones of hands and rarely in the long tubular bones. We report a surgically confirmed case of FRP involving the clavicle in a 26-year-old male. On MRI scans, a soft tissue mass with T2 high signal intensity was found that originated from the periosteum of the clavicle and included surrounding a periosteal elevation and perilesional soft tissue edema. Strong contrast enhancement was noted inside the mass and along the periosteum involving more than half of the circumference of the clavicle. Serial radiographs revealed a soft tissue mass without mineralization that turned into an ossified mass with a solid periosteal reaction within a month.N

Radiologic Diagnosis of Osteoid Osteoma: From Simple to Challenging Findings

Osteoid osteoma is characterized by an intracortical nidus with a variable amount of calcification, as well as cortical thickening, sclerosis, and bone marrow edema. When these findings are present, a diagnosis of osteoid osteoma is easily made. However, osteoid osteoma may display imaging findings that can be misleading, and it can be difficult to differentiate osteoid osteoma from other conditions such as infection, inflammatory and noninflammatory arthritis, and other tumors. In addition, stress fracture, intracortical abscess, intracortical hemangioma, chondroblastoma, osteoblastoma, and compensatory hypertrophy of the pedicle may mimic osteoid osteoma. To make the correct diagnosis, it is necessary to identify the nidus, and it is important to be familiar with the radiologic findings of osteoid osteoma and its mimics. (C) RSNA, 2010 .radiographics.rsna.orgZampa V, 2009, EUR J RADIOL, V71, P527, DOI 10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.05.010Papathanassiou ZG, 2008, ORTHOPEDICS, V31, P1118Rodallec MH, 2008, RADIOGRAPHICS, V28, P1019, DOI 10.1148/rg.284075156James SLJ, 2008, EUR J RADIOL, V67, P11, DOI 10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.01.052Kurugoglu S, 2008, EUR J RADIOL, V65, P257, DOI 10.1016/j.ejrad.2007.03.030Moran DS, 2008, SPORTS MED, V38, P345Lee EH, 2006, J PEDIATR ORTHOPED, V26, P695Ilaslan H, 2006, ORTHOP CLIN N AM, V37, P375, DOI 10.1016/j.ocl.2006.05.003Harish S, 2005, EUR RADIOL, V15, P2396, DOI 10.1007/s00330-005-2816-8Yamamoto K, 2005, J SPINAL DISORD TECH, V18, P182RESNICK D, 2005, BONE JOINT IMAGING, P1120Allen SD, 2003, CLIN RADIOL, V58, P845Liu PT, 2003, RADIOLOGY, V227, P691, DOI 10.1148/Power J, 2003, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V14, P141, DOI 10.1007/s00198-002-1333-8ZILELI M, 2003, NEUROSURG FOCUS, V15, pE5Davies M, 2002, SKELETAL RADIOL, V31, P559, DOI 10.1007/s00256-002-0546-4RESNICK D, 2002, DIAGNOSIS BONE JOINT, P3763Tehranzadeh J, 2001, RADIOL CLIN N AM, V39, P223Connolly LP, 2001, CLIN NUCL MED, V26, P54Dixon T, 2000, SKELETAL RADIOL, V29, P587Spouge AR, 2000, CLIN IMAG, V24, P19Jee WH, 1999, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V23, P721Hayashi T, 1999, DENTOMAXILLOFAC RAD, V28, P127Lopez-Barea F, 1998, J BONE JOINT SURG AM, V80A, P1673Kayser F, 1998, AM J ROENTGENOL, V170, P609CERASE A, 1998, EUR J RADIOL, V27, P91Saifuddin A, 1998, SPINE, V23, P47MURPHEY MD, 1995, RADIOGRAPHICS, V15, P893ASSOUN J, 1994, RADIOLOGY, V191, P217WEATHERALL PT, 1994, RADIOLOGY, V190, P467GREENSPAN A, 1993, SKELETAL RADIOL, V22, P485CASSARPULLICINO VN, 1992, CLIN RADIOL, V45, P153KRANSDORF MJ, 1991, RADIOGRAPHICS, V11, P671YOCHUM TR, 1990, SKELETAL RADIOL, V19, P411GLASS RBJ, 1986, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V10, P1065MAHBOUBI S, 1986, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V10, P457GAMBA JL, 1984, AM J ROENTGENOL, V142, P769KATTAPURAM SV, 1983, RADIOLOGY, V147, P383LEVINE E, 1983, SKELETAL RADIOL, V9, P238MURCIA M, 1982, SKELETAL RADIOL, V8, P193SWEE RG, 1979, RADIOLOGY, V130, P117JACKSON RP, 1977, CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R, P303DIAZ LD, 1974, CANCER, V33, P1075FREIBERGER RH, 1959, AMER J ROENTGENOL RA, V82, P194JAFFE HL, 1953, P ROY SOC MED, V46, P1007Jaffe HL, 1940, J BONE JOINT SURG, V22, P645