Challenges and Research Directions in Medical Cyber-Physical Systems

Medical cyber-physical systems (MCPS) are lifecritical, context-aware, networked systems of medical devices. These systems are increasingly used in hospitals to provide highquality continuous care for patients. The need to design complex MCPS that are both safe and effective has presented numerous challenges, including achieving high assurance in system software, intoperability, context-aware intelligence, autonomy, security and privacy, and device certifiability. In this paper, we discuss these challenges in developing MCPS, some of our work in addressing them, and several open research issue

Conformational Study of Cyclic α-ABpeptoids

2

Toward Systematic Construction of Timing Diagrams from UML/MARTE Behavioral Models for Time-Triggered Embedded Software

Abstract-The UML has been used to describe structures and behaviors of time-triggered embedded software. Analysis of timing constraints is an important issue in developing time-triggered embedded software. Among multiple types of UML diagrams, timing diagrams are appropriate to show state changes and their relevant events of objects over time with timing constraints. However, there has been little study on how to specify and utilize timing diagrams in practice. Given sequence diagrams and state machine diagrams with MARTE annotations, we propose a systematic way to construct timing diagrams with MARTE annotations. To get well-formed models, we check timing constraints and consistency of the input UML/MARTE models. We present checking criteria for wellformed UML/MARTE models and systematic transformation rules. To show effectiveness of our approach, we demonstrate an illustrative example of GCU (Guidance and Control Unit) software used in avionics systems

Automated Test Coverage Measurement for Reactor Protection System Software implemented in Function Block Diagram

We present FBDTestMeasurer, an automated test coverage measurement tool for function block diagram (FBD) programs which are increasingly used in implementing safety critical systems such as nuclear reactor protection systems. We have defined new structural test coverage criteria for FBD programs in which dataflow-centric characteristics of FBD programs were well reflected. Given an FBD program and a set of test cases, FBDTestMeasurer produces test coverage score and uncovered test requirements with respect to the selected coverage criteria. Visual representation of uncovered data paths enables testers to easily identify which parts of the program need to be tested further. We found many aspects of the FBD logic that were not tested sufficiently when conducting a case study using test cases prepared by domain experts for reactor protection system software. Domain experts found this technique and tool highly intuitive and useful to measure the adequacy of FBD testing and generate additional test cases

A Safety-Assured Development Approach for Real-Time Software

Guaranteeing timing properties is an important issue as we develop safety-critical real-time systems such as cardiac pacemakers. We present a safety assured development approach of real-time software using a pacemaker as our case study. Following the model-driven development techniques, measurement-based timing analysis is used to guarantee timing properties in implementation as well as in the formal model. Formal specification with timed automata is checked with respect to timing properties by model checking technique and is transformed into implementation systematically. When timing properties may be violated in the implementation due to timing delay, it is suggested to measure the time deviation and reflect it to the code explicitly by modifying guards. The model is altered according to the modifications in the code. These changes of the code and the model are considered safe if all the propertie