Fusing creativity: Cultural metacognition and teamwork in multicultural teams

This study elaborates theoretically and tests empirically a model linking fusion teamwork to creativity in multicultural teams (Janssens & Brett, 2006). The study also introduces cultural metacognition, a dimension of cultural intelligence (Earley & Ang, 2003), as an antecedent of fusion teamwork and creativity. Data were from 246 members of 37 multicultural teams. Results generated from a multilevel modeling analysis were consistent with hypotheses: Across teams, when team members were more highly culturally metacognitive, fusion teamwork and creativity were more likely. All analyses were controlled for generalized affect toward the team to reduce threats to validity of common method bias and affect. The results suggest the value of fusion teamwork for generating creativity in multicultural teams and the importance of having members of multicultural teams who have high versus low levels of cultural metacognition. © 2012 International Association for Conflict Management and Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Union Representation Elections: Law and Reality: The Authors Respond to the Critics

In Union Representation Elections. Law and Reality (hereinafterLaw and Reality without cross-reference), we examined the desirabilityof continued National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) regulationof pre-election campaigning. Our central finding, based upon astudy of thirty-one elections, and interviews with over 1000 employees,was that unlawful campaigning has no greater effect on employeevoting behavior in a union representation election than doeslawful campaigning. Hence, we recommended that the Boardshould no longer attempt to distinguish between lawful and unlawfulcampaigning; that the results of an election, once conducted, shouldbe final; and that speech should be wholly free - that the Boardshould neither set aside elections nor find unfair labor practicesbased on oral or written communications by an employer or a union

Goal Framing Predicts Strategy Revision: When and Why Negotiators Reach Integrative Agreements

Abstract We propose a new model linking how negotiators represent, or frame, their goals to whether they revise or persist with their planned strategies. In three studies, we report evidence consistent with the model's predictions. The critical finding is that how parties' framed their goals predicted how they revised their strategies upon subgoal failure. Parties with interest-framed goals often revised their strategies and negotiated creative, integrative agreements. Parties with position-framed goals tended to persist with their strategies, resulting in few integrative agreements. The suggestion is that in complex task situations, flexible and creative strategy revision is facilitated by how people represent their goals, and whether they experience subgoal failure. The research has implications for theories of planning, goal setting, and strategic behavior

9. Managing cross-culture conflicts: a close look at the implication of direct versus indirect confrontation

the leader of a multicultural software development team was frustrated. the american and european members of the team were delivering on time, but he was getting nothing from the Japanese members. Multiple meetings with the Japanese members generated seeming commitment but no follow-up. the team leader, an indian, located in singapore considered two alternative strategic approaches to resolve this conflict. one approach he considered was to contact the head of it in Japan to find out why the work was not being done. Ultimately, however, he decided to try a different approach. He asked the european team members to prepare a presentation of their progress on the project. He then went to Japan and invited the entire Japanese it division of the company to attend the europeans' presentation. after the presentation he went back to singapore without holding substantive meetings with the Japanese team members. Within a week he had a request from the Japanese team members to have the Japanese team's completed work featured in the next corporate presentation. -An example of successful indirect confrontation from our research this chapter is about the meaning, cultural significance, and consequences of direct versus indirect confrontation of conflict. the distinction between direct and indirect confrontation captures important culturally driven differences in how meaning is expressed and received when parties are in conflict. Conflict occurs when at least one party in an interdependent relationship perceives differences in interest

Integrating spirituality as a key component of patient care

Patient care frequently focuses on physical aspects of disease management, with variable attention given to spiritual needs. And yet, patients indicate that spiritual suffering adds to distress associated with illness. Spirituality, broadly defined as that which gives meaning and purpose to a person’s life and connectedness to the significant or sacred, often becomes a central issue for patients. Growing evidence demonstrates that spirituality is important in patient care. Yet healthcare professionals (HCPs) do not always feel prepared to engage with patients about spiritual issues. In this project, HCPs attended an educational session focused on using the FICA Spiritual History Tool to integrate spirituality into patient care. Later, they incorporated the tool when caring for patients participating in the study. This research (1) explored the value of including spiritual history taking in clinical practice; (2) identified facilitators and barriers to incorporating spirituality into person-centred care; and (3) determined ways in which HCPs can effectively utilize spiritual history taking. Data were collected using focus groups and chart reviews. Findings indicate positive impacts at organizational, clinical/unit, professional/personal and patient levels when HCPs include spirituality in patient care. Recommendations are offered

A tailored approach to horizon scanning for cancer medicines

BACKGROUND: Horizon scanning (HS) is the systematic identification of emerging therapies to inform policy and decision-makers. We developed an agile and tailored HS methodology that combined multi-criteria decision analysis weighting and Delphi rounds. As secondary objectives, we aimed to identify new medicines in melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer most likely to impact the Australian government's pharmaceutical budget by 2025 and to compare clinician and consumer priorities in cancer medicine reimbursement.METHOD: Three cancer-specific clinician panels (total n = 27) and a consumer panel (n = 7) were formed. Six prioritisation criteria were developed with consumer input. Criteria weightings were elicited using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Candidate medicines were identified and filtered from a primary database and validated against secondary and tertiary sources. Clinician panels participated in a three-round Delphi survey to identify and score the top five medicines in each cancer type.RESULTS: The AHP and Delphi process was completed in eight weeks. Prioritisation criteria focused on toxicity, quality of life (QoL), cost savings, strength of evidence, survival, and unmet need. In both curative and non-curative settings, consumers prioritised toxicity and QoL over survival gains, whereas clinicians prioritised survival. HS results project the ongoing prevalence of high-cost medicines. Since completion in October 2021, the HS has identified 70 % of relevant medicines submitted for Pharmaceutical Benefit Advisory Committee assessment and 60% of the medicines that received a positive recommendation.CONCLUSION: Tested in the Australian context, our method appears to be an efficient and flexible approach to HS that can be tailored to address specific disease types by using elicited weights to prioritise according to incremental value from both a consumer and clinical perspective.POLICY SUMMARY: Since HS is of global interest, our example provides a reproducible blueprint for adaptation to other healthcare settings that integrates consumer input and priorities.</p

A tailored approach to horizon scanning for cancer medicines

BACKGROUND: Horizon scanning (HS) is the systematic identification of emerging therapies to inform policy and decision-makers. We developed an agile and tailored HS methodology that combined multi-criteria decision analysis weighting and Delphi rounds. As secondary objectives, we aimed to identify new medicines in melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer most likely to impact the Australian government's pharmaceutical budget by 2025 and to compare clinician and consumer priorities in cancer medicine reimbursement.METHOD: Three cancer-specific clinician panels (total n = 27) and a consumer panel (n = 7) were formed. Six prioritisation criteria were developed with consumer input. Criteria weightings were elicited using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Candidate medicines were identified and filtered from a primary database and validated against secondary and tertiary sources. Clinician panels participated in a three-round Delphi survey to identify and score the top five medicines in each cancer type.RESULTS: The AHP and Delphi process was completed in eight weeks. Prioritisation criteria focused on toxicity, quality of life (QoL), cost savings, strength of evidence, survival, and unmet need. In both curative and non-curative settings, consumers prioritised toxicity and QoL over survival gains, whereas clinicians prioritised survival. HS results project the ongoing prevalence of high-cost medicines. Since completion in October 2021, the HS has identified 70 % of relevant medicines submitted for Pharmaceutical Benefit Advisory Committee assessment and 60% of the medicines that received a positive recommendation.CONCLUSION: Tested in the Australian context, our method appears to be an efficient and flexible approach to HS that can be tailored to address specific disease types by using elicited weights to prioritise according to incremental value from both a consumer and clinical perspective.POLICY SUMMARY: Since HS is of global interest, our example provides a reproducible blueprint for adaptation to other healthcare settings that integrates consumer input and priorities.</p