A Preliminary Inquiry into the Micro-level Gender Effects of Macroeconomic Adjustment Policies

Serving as a preliminary to the inquiry on micro-level effects macroeconomic policies on gender, this paper presents the framework and the theoretical points of the succeeding studies on the subject. Its focus and methodology are also put in place. These are in the hope of shedding judicious analysis on gender-related issues in the future.gender and development, macroeconomic policy, MIMAP, macroeconomic adjustments

PENGARUH ORGANIC SOIL TREATMENT (OST) DAN SELANG WAKTU APLIKASI LARUTAN LANDETO TERHADAP HASIL BAWANG MERAH PADA REGOSOL

This research was intended to determine the rate of Organic Soil Treatment (OST) and the interval of application of Landeto solution or their interaction on the growth of shallots grown in the regosol soil. This research was conducted in the green house of Departement of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture Gadjah Mada University. A Randomized Complete Block Design, employing a factorial treatment was chosen. The first factors was rates of OST, i.e,: 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 ton ha?. The second factors was interval of application of Landeto Solution, i.e, : 3, 5 and 7 days. The combination treatments were repeated 3 times. Results of the research showed that; 1) Intermedien between rates of OST at 6 ton ha? and interval of application of Landeto solution ot 5 days, was found in bulb number per hills ( 29.87, cm2 ) respectively. 2) Application of OST, at 6 ton ha? had a significant effect on the plant fresh weight and the fresh bulb weigth, 3) Application of Landeto solution at different intervals had no significant effect on all components and crop yield

A specimen of Tirumala hamata hamata (Macleay, 1826) (Lepidoptera: Danainae) from Captain Cook’s first voyage

On 29 May 1770 Joseph Banks described a spectacular swarming of ‘milions’ [sic] ‘of one sort’ of butterfly at Thirsty Sound, near what is now Rockhampton, Queensland, comparing it to a species from China that had been named by Linnaeus. Discovery of what appears to be an Endeavour voyage specimen of this Australian butterfly in the Hunterian Zoology Museum, Glasgow, allows us to confirm its long-suspected identity as Tirumala hamata hamata (Macleay) – a species unnamed and unknown at the time of Cook’s first voyage. Investigations into several collections that include eighteenth-century Australian Lepidoptera and associated literature have not positively identified any further specimens taken from the swarm, although a pair in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History could be from the same source. Taxonomic confusion due to mimicry, convergence and/or non-divergence affecting blue tiger patterned butterflies is most likely the principal reason such a specimen has previously gone undetected

Failure of Intravenous Morphine to Serve as an Effective Instrumental Reinforcer in Dopamine D2 Receptor Knock-Out Mice

The rewarding effects of opiates are thought to be mediated through dopaminergic mechanisms in the ventral tegmental area, dopamine-independent mechanisms in the nucleus accumbens, or both. The purpose of the present study was to explore the contribution of dopamine to opiate-reinforced behavior using D2 receptor knock-out mice. Wild-type, heterozygous, and D2 knock-out mice were first trained to lever press for water reinforcement and then implanted with intravenous catheters. The ability of intravenously delivered morphine to maintain lever pressing in these mice was studied under two schedules of reinforcement: a fixed ratio 4 (FR4) schedule (saline, 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 mg/kg, per injection) and a progressive ratio (PR) schedule (1.0 mg/kg, per injection). In the wild-type and heterozygous mice, FR4 behavior maintained by morphine injections was significantly greater than behavior maintained by vehicle injections. Response rate was inversely related to injection dose and increased significantly in the wild-type and heterozygous mice when the animals were placed on the PR schedule. In contrast, the knock-out mice did not respond more for morphine than for saline and did not respond more when increased ratios were required by the PR schedule. Thus, morphine served as a positive reinforcer in the wild-type and heterozygous mice but failed to do so in the knock-out mice. Under this range of doses and response requirements, the rewarding effects of morphine appear to depend critically on an intact D2 receptor systemFil: Elmer, Greg I.. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Pieper, Jeanne O.. National Institutes of Health; Estados UnidosFil: Rubinstein, Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Low, Malcolm J.. Oregon Health and Sciences University; Estados UnidosFil: Grandy, David K.. Oregon Health and Sciences University; Estados UnidosFil: Wise, Roy A.. National Institutes of Health; Estados Unido

Respon Tanaman Selada (Lactuca sativa L.) Terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Organik Urine Kambing

This study aims to determine the response of lettuce plants to the application of goat urine organic fertilizer. The study was a Complete Randomized Design with 1 factor 4 repeats. The results showed that the concentration of goat urine organic fertilizer showed that K4 treatment (200 mL concentration) on the parameters of plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), leaf area (cm2), fresh weight of plants (g), fresh weight of roots (g), and harvest index gave the highest yield on lettuce plants followed by other treatments such as K5 (Concentration 250 mL), K6 (Concentration 300 mL), K7 (Concentration 350 mL), K3 (Concentration 150 mL), K2 (Concentration 100 mL), K1 (Concentration 50 mL) and the lowest of the parameters above corresponds to K0 (without control). The concentration of organic fertilizer from goat urine significantly influences the K4 treatment. This shows that this concentration can provide the nutrients needed to support optimal vegetative growth of lettuce plants

Alternative Conceptions about Simple Electric Circuits amongst High School FET Band Learners

Institute for Science and Technology Education (ISTE