Cardiovascular risk associated with co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnoea (COMISA) in type 2 diabetics

Objective: In the general population, co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnoea (COMISA) is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, despite a high prevalence of COMISA in type 2 diabetics, no study has investigated its potential implication in the negative cardiovascular outcome of this particular subpopulation. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the risk of CVD associated with COMISA in type 2 diabetics. Methods: Data from 471 type 2 diabetics recruited from the clinical database of the Erasme Hospital sleep laboratory were analysed. Only type 2 diabetics with SCORE index ≥5% were included in the group at high risk of CVD. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the risk of CVD associated with COMISA in type 2 diabetics. Results: A high risk of CVD was present in 32.9% of type 2 diabetics. After adjustment for the main confounding factors associated with cardiovascular risk, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that unlike obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome or insomnia alone, only COMISA was associated with higher risk of CVD in type 2 diabetics. Discussion: In our study, we have demonstrated that unlike its components alone, only COMISA was associated with higher risk of CVD in type 2 diabetics, which highlights the importance of the central role played by the negative synergistic effect of COMISA on the cardiovascular outcome in this particular subpopulation. Thus, given these elements, more systematic research and adequate therapeutic management of COMISA seem to be necessary to allow better cardiovascular prevention in type 2 diabetics

Reliable high speed transfer with the le Croy CAMAC-GPIB interface

The author presents modifications to the original instructions, which make it possible to have a reliable high speed transfer from a CAMAC transient recorder to a computer by means of a Le Croy CAMAC-GPIB interface.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Contribution to the definition of the power bands limits of sleep EEG by linear prediction

The linear prediction method has been applied to compute the power spectra distribution in 10 healthy young men (aged 17 to 26). For each subject, the local extrema positions have been detected and grouped as a function of their frequency. The computation of a mean frequency distribution for the extrema position, on the 10 subjects, allowed for the definition of eight frequency power bands. The time evolution of these power bands during the first NREM episode has been computed and averaged for the 10 subjects. The cross-correlation analysis demonstrated the relevance of three bands in the range 0-8.10 Hz: delta ]0-2.78] Hz, theta 1 ]2.78-5.42] Hz, theta 2 ]5.42-8.10] Hz. Our extrema study leads to the division of the beta range ]16.25-25.00] Hz into three bands. However, their time evolution does not support the usefulness of the partitioning of the beta range, probably resulting from our too low sampling frequency.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

The effect of light-pipes measurements on the determination of the emissivity by Abel inversion

The determination of the emissivity of a cylindrical plasma by the Abel inversion assumes that the side-on intensity is measured on one straight line. A deconvolution procedure is proposed for light-pipes measurements. It is shown that beyond a critical width of the input channel, systematic errors may appear in the reconstructed emissivity.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Error attenuation in Abel inversion

A data approximation technique is presented for solving numerically the Abel integral equation. The side-on intensity is developed in a set of even powers. The optimization of the number of terms in the expansion makes it possible to control the smoothing of the data, and thereby strongly reduces the effects of experimental errors. The results are compared with those obtained by other methods, demonstrating the utility of this technique. © 1982.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Effect of the geometrical parameters on an absolute calibration

The intensity measured in an absolute calibration, carried out with a tungsten ribbon lamp, is theoretically computed as a function of the geometrical parameters involved in the experiment. The theoretical computations, confirmed by the experimental measurements, make it possible to place the lamp as close as possible to the detector and thereby improve the accuracy of the absolute calibration.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Side-on intensity measurements with a cylindrical collimation channel

The theory developed to analyse the effect of a hollow cylindrical collimation channel on absolute calibration is applied to side-on intensity measurements carried out on a cylindrical plasma. The computation shows that the ratio of the absolute calibration integration factor to the side-on measurements integration factor may not be equal to one, as expected. Therefore, this ratio should be computed in order to obtain accurate absolute emission coefficients.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

QRS artifact elimination on full night sleep EEG.

Spectral analysis is now a standard procedure for analyzing the electroencephalograms (EEG) obtained by polysomnographic recordings. These numerical methods assume an artifact-free EEG since artifacts create spurious spectral components. Our aim was the development of a QRS artifact removal technique that might be applied to full night EEG with a minimal human intervention. This technique should handle one EEG channel, with or without use of one ECG channel. Variance minimization, independent component analysis (ICA), morphological filters (MF) have been implemented. Careful attention has been given to define the MF structuring element. The tests on artifact-simulated and real data were checked on the residual ECG spectral components present in the cleaned EEG. The best results are obtained by the MF when the structuring element is an artifact template defined either directly on the EEG or on the ICA ECG component. Further developments are required to identify and subtract the T-wave artifacts.Clinical TrialJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Research into an Association between Anhedonia and Decreased REM Latency in Moderately to Severely Depressed Patients

Anhedonia stands as a core symptom and potential trait marker of major depressive disorder (MDD). The importance of rapid eye movement sleep latency (REML) as a biological marker of depression has previously and repeatedly been studied. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between anhedonia and REML in moderately to severely depressed patients. The shortened Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) was chosen to assess depressive symptoms and, among them, more particularly, anhedonic symptoms. Two-way ANCOVA was used for statistical analyses. A significant association between anhedonic symptoms and REML was found when the number of sleep cycles (NCy) and the severity of depression were added as covariates. Our findings suggest that REML may be a useful variable to differentiate some diagnostic subtypes of depression related to anhedonia