Prenatal Determination of Fetal Rhd in Maternal Plasma: Two-Years Experience of Routine Clinical Use

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the predictive value of RHD fetal genotype in maternal plasma of Rh D negative mothers after 10 weeks of gestation in a clinical use. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Prospective, comparative study between fetal RHD genotyping in maternal plasma, with amplification of exons 4,5,10 of the RHD gene, by real-time multiplex PCR, and Rh D serology at birth, in 218 pregnancy and their 223 babies, between November 2002 and 2004. RESULTS: Combining the amplification of three exons, the concordance rate of fetal Rh D genotyping in maternal plasma and baby phenotyping at delivery was 100%. Four women whose the babies were Rh D negative were positive for RHD exon 10 during pregnancy. This positivity was, in three cases, correlated with the presence of RHDpsi pseudogene and in last case, with a haplotype Cdes (r's). RHD genotyping was performed for five twin pregnancies. CONCLUSION: Multiplex PCR using maternal plasma provides perfect prenatal prediction of fetal RHD gene. These results confirm that this non invasive procedure is the preferred method for assessing Rh D fetal status in Rh negative mothers. Using this method for two years in routine practice has led us to modify our management scheme for sensitized Rh D-negative pregnant women

Routing protocols for indoor wireless ad-hoc networks: a cross-layer perspective

The all-over trend for an universal access and ubiquitous access to the Internet is driving a revolution in our societies. In order to support this era of nomadic applications, new flexible network architectures have emerged. They are referred to as “wireless ad-hoc networks.” Since human-operated devices will more likely be used indoor, it leads to many issues related to the strength of the fading in this environment. Recently, it has been suggested that a possible interaction might exist between various parameters of the ad-hoc networks and, more precisely, between the propagation model and the routing protocol. To address this question, we present in this dissertation a cross-layer perspective of the analysis of these indoor ad-hoc networks. Our reasoning is made of four stages. First, the cross-layer interactions are analyzed by the means of multivariate statistical techniques. Since a cross-layering between the physical layer and the routing protocol has been proven to be significant, we further investigate the possible development a physical layer-constrained routing algorithm. Second, fundamental equations governing the wireless telecommunications systems are developed in order to provide insightful informations on how a reliable routing strategy should be implemented in a strongly-faded environment. After that, and in order to allow a better spatial reuse, the routing protocol we propose is further enhanced by the adjonction of a power control algorithm. This last feature is extensively analyzed and a closed-form expression of the link probability of outage in presence of non-homogeneous transmission powers is given. Numerous simulations corroborate the applicability and the performance of the derived protocol. Also, we evaluate the gain, in terms of radio channel ressources, that has been achieved by the means of the power control algorithm. Third, an architecture for the interconnection with a cellular network is investigated. A closed-form expression of the relaying stability of a node is given. This equation expresses the minimal requirement that a relaying node from the ad-hoc network must fullfil in order to bridge properly the connections to the base-station. Finally, a real-life implementation is provided as a validation of the applicability of this novel ad-hoc routing protocol. It is concluded that, both from the performance and the spatial re-use point-of-views, it can be taken advantage from the cross-layering between the physical and the routing layers to positively enhance the networking architectures deployed in an indoor environment.Doctorat en sciences appliquéesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Les enjeux derrière l'amorce de consolidation du secteur français des télécoms

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Ad-hoc networks routing algorithms optimization for indoor environments

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

La cybersécurité ou l'art de gérer un risque sans recul

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Trop de transparence nuit à la concurrence

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Le site Piratebay et la question du copyright, un vrai casse-tête

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

RGPD :Facebook encore moins prêt que les autres !

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Face à l'offensive des géants du net, que restera-t-il aux opérateurs télécom (esim)

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe