Varia

Le volume associe réflexion théorique et méthodologique et la publication d'études originales découvrant des pans méconnus de l'histoire du cinéma. La partie « Point de vue » est consacrée à l'ouvrage d'Antoine de Baecque paru chez Gallimard. L'auteur répond aux questions de plusieurs rédacteurs de la revue à propos de sa proposition de repérer des « formes cinématographiques historiques » dans les films ouvrant à une compréhension des phénomènes majeurs du 20e siècle (génocide, effondrement des régimes socialistes, etc.). Dans la partie dévolue aux « Etudes », une analyse précise, philologique, d'une Passion de Jésus-Christ produite par Pathé en 1902-1905 découverte par Alain Boillat et Valentine Robert à la Cinémathèque suisse. Mélanie Trugeon, à partir d'archives conservées aux Archives nationales décrit l'activité du metteur en scène et cinéaste bulgare Slatan Dudow, proche de Bertold Brecht, réfugié en France, à l'époque du nazisme. La troisième étude éclaire de manière tout à fait nouvelle l'activité de militant culturel d'André Bazin et de Chris Marker au sortir de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, à travers Travail et Culture et Peuple et Culture. La partie « Archives » jette un éclairage inédit, grâce aux recherches de Jean-Paul Morel, sur l'intérêt qu'un physiologiste français, le Dr Emile Toulouse, a porté au cinéma (entre 1912 et 1928). Enfin, comme de coutume (et seule dans ce cas dans le paysage éditorial français), une importante partie de la revue est dévolue aux « Comptes rendus » : critiques d'ouvrages, de revues, de dvd concernant l'histoire du cinéma, ainsi qu'à des comptes rendus de manifestations savantes et patrimoniales en France, Italie, Russie, etc

Varia

Au sommaire de ce numéro : la question du patrimoine cinématographique à l'heure du numérique ; Georges Méliès et la "magie noire" ; Les gaz mortels d'Abel Gance ; le cinéma polonais d'après-guerre

Respiratory support in patients with severe COVID-19 in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection (ISARIC) COVID-19 study: a prospective, multinational, observational study

Background: Up to 30% of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 require advanced respiratory support, including high-flow nasal cannulas (HFNC), non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV), or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, outcomes and risk factors for failing non-invasive respiratory support in patients treated with severe COVID-19 during the first two years of the pandemic in high-income countries (HICs) and low middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: This is a multinational, multicentre, prospective cohort study embedded in the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 Clinical Characterisation Protocol. Patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who required hospital admission were recruited prospectively. Patients treated with HFNC, NIV, or IMV within the first 24 h of hospital admission were included in this study. Descriptive statistics, random forest, and logistic regression analyses were used to describe clinical characteristics and compare clinical outcomes among patients treated with the different types of advanced respiratory support. Results: A total of 66,565 patients were included in this study. Overall, 82.6% of patients were treated in HIC, and 40.6% were admitted to the hospital during the first pandemic wave. During the first 24 h after hospital admission, patients in HICs were more frequently treated with HFNC (48.0%), followed by NIV (38.6%) and IMV (13.4%). In contrast, patients admitted in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) were less frequently treated with HFNC (16.1%) and the majority received IMV (59.1%). The failure rate of non-invasive respiratory support (i.e. HFNC or NIV) was 15.5%, of which 71.2% were from HIC and 28.8% from LMIC. The variables most strongly associated with non-invasive ventilation failure, defined as progression to IMV, were high leukocyte counts at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 5.86 [4.83-7.10]), treatment in an LMIC (OR [95%CI]; 2.04 [1.97-2.11]), and tachypnoea at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 1.16 [1.14-1.18]). Patients who failed HFNC/NIV had a higher 28-day fatality ratio (OR [95%CI]; 1.27 [1.25-1.30]). Conclusions: In the present international cohort, the most frequently used advanced respiratory support was the HFNC. However, IMV was used more often in LMIC. Higher leucocyte count, tachypnoea, and treatment in LMIC were risk factors for HFNC/NIV failure. HFNC/NIV failure was related to worse clinical outcomes, such as 28-day mortality. Trial registration This is a prospective observational study; therefore, no health care interventions were applied to participants, and trial registration is not applicable