Contribution des techniques d'anesthésie et de réanimation à la prévention et au traitement des pathologies douloureuses de l'appareil locomoteur

MONTPELLIER-BU Médecine UPM (341722108) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU Médecine (341722104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Neurolytic blockade of the obturator nerve for intractable spasticity of adductor thigh muscles.

International audienceNeurolytic blockade is one of the therapeutic possibilities to treat spasticity of various muscles. In patients with spasticity of the adductor thigh muscles, a percutaneous approach to the obturator nerve is often difficult. We describe a new approach to the obturator nerve and we examine its feasibility. The second objective was to assess the efficacy of obturator neurolysis for the management of adductor thigh muscle pain and spasticity associated with hemiplegia or paraplegia. Nerve blocks were performed via a combined approach using fluoroscopy and nerve stimulation to identify the obturator nerve. Neurolysis was performed by injection of 65% ethanol. We performed 27 blocks in 23 patients. Technical evaluation was achieved in terms of number of attempted needle insertions, time to accurate location of the nerve and success rate. The efficacy of the block was assessed using four scores: degree of alleviation of muscle spasm and triple flexion of the lower limb, improvement of gait and facilitation of hygienic care. Success rate of the technique was 100% with a time to accurate nerve location of 130+/-35 s. Compared with scores measured immediately before the block, all studied parameters were significantly improved. Efficiency was significant on adductor muscle spasticity (p<0.001 at 1 day and p<0.01 at 60 and 120 months). Triple flexion was also significantly improved (p<0.05 from 1 to 120 days), as well as gait (p<0.02) and hygiene (p<0.01) scores. No complications occurred. The combined approach of the obturator nerve represents a new technique which proved to be accurate, fast, simple, highly successful and reproducible. Obturator neurolysis was confirmed as an efficient and cost-effective technique to reduce adductor muscle spasm and related pain and to improve gait and hygienic care in patients with neurological sequelae of stroke, head trauma or any lesion of the motor neurone

Alteration of the piglet diaphragm contractility in vivo and its recovery after acute hypercapnia.

International audienceBACKGROUND: The effects of hypercapnic acidosis on the diaphragm and its recovery to normocapnia have been poorly evaluated. The authors studied diaphragmatic contractility facing acute variations of arterial carbon dioxide tension (Paco2) and evaluated the contractile function at 60 min after normocapnia recovery. METHODS: Thirteen piglets weighing 15-20 kg were anesthetized, ventilated, and separated into two groups: a control group (n = 5) evaluated in normocapnia (time-control experiments) and a hypercapnia group (n = 8) in which animals were acutely and shortly exposed to five consecutive ranges of Paco2 (40, 50, 70, 90, and 110 mmHg). Then carbon dioxide insufflation was stopped. Diaphragmatic contractility was assessed by measuring transdiaphragmatic pressure variations obtained after bilateral transjugular phrenic nerve pacing at increased frequencies (20-120 Hz). For each level of arterial pressure of carbon dioxide, pressure-frequency curves were obtained in vivo by phrenic nerve pacing. RESULTS: In the hypercapnia group, mean +/- SD transdiaphragmatic pressure significantly decreased from 41 +/- 3 to 29 +/- 3 cm H2O (P < 0.05) between the first (40 mmHg) and fifth (116 mmHg) stages of capnia at the frequency of 100 Hz stimulation. The observed alteration of the contractile force was proportional to the level of Paco2 (r = 0.61, P < 0.01). Normocapnia recuperation allowed a partial recovery of the diaphragmatic contractile force (80% of the baseline value) at 60 min after carbon dioxide insufflation interruption. CONCLUSION: A short exposure to respiratory acidosis decreased diaphragmatic contractility proportionally to the degree of hypercapnia, and this alteration was only partially reversed at 60 min after exposure

An intervention to decrease complications related to endotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit: a prospective, multiple-center study

International audienceObjective: To determined whether the implementation of an intubation management protocol leads to the reduction of intubation-related complications in the intensive care unit (ICU). Design: Two-phase, prospective, multicenter controlled study. Setting: Three medical-surgical ICUs in two university hospitals. Patients: Two hundred three consecutive ICU patients required 244 intubations. Interventions: All intubations performed during two consecutive phases (a 6-month quality control phase followed by a 6-month intervention phase based on the implementation of an ICU intubation bundle management protocol) were evaluated. The ten bundle components were: preoxygenation with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation , presence of two operators, rapid sequence induction, cricoid pressure, capnography, protective ventilation, fluid loading, preparation and early administration of sedation and vasopressor use if needed. Measurements and main results: The primary end points were the incidence of life-threatening complications occurring within 60 min after intubation (cardiac arrest or death, severe cardiovascular collapse and hypoxemia). Other complications (mild to moderate) were also evaluated. Baseline characteristics, including demographic data and reason for intubation (mainly acute respiratory failure), were similar in the two phases. The intubation procedure in the intervention phase (n = 121) was associated with significant decreases in both life-threatening complications (21 vs. 34%, p = 0.03) and other complications (9 vs. 21%, p = 0.01) compared to the control phase (n = 123). Conclusions: The implementation of an intubation management protocol can reduce immediate severe life-threatening complications associated with intubation of ICU patients

Ophtalmic regional anesthesia: medial canthus episcleral (Sub-Tenon) anesthesia is more efficient than peribulbar anesthesia

Background: Regional anesthesia and especially peribulbar anesthesia commonly is used for cataract surgery. Failure rates and need for reinjection remains high, however, with peribulbar anesthesia. Single-injection high-volume medial canthus episcleral (sub-Tenon&apos;s) anesthesia has proven to be an efficient and safe alternative to peribulbar anesthesia. Methods: The authors, in a blind study, compared the effectiveness of both techniques in 66 patients randomly assigned to episcleral anesthesia or single-injection peribulbar anesthesia. Motor blockade (akinesia) was used as the main index of anesthesia effectiveness. It was assessed using an 18-point scale (0 -3 for each of the four directions of the gaze, lid opening, and lid closing, the total being from 0 ‫؍‬ normal mobility to 18 ‫؍‬ no movement at all). This score was compared between the groups 1, 5, 10, and 15 min after injection and at the end of the surgical procedures. Time to onset of the blockade also was compared between the two groups, as was the incidence of incomplete blockade with a need for supplemental injection and the satisfaction of the surgeon, patient, and anesthesiologist

Continuous preperitoneal infusion of ropivacaine provides effective analgesia and accelerates recovery after colorectal surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Blockade of parietal nociceptive afferents by the use of continuous wound infiltration with local anesthetics may be beneficial in a multimodal approach to postoperative pain management after major surgery. The role of continuous preperitoneal infusion of ropivacaine for pain relief and postoperative recovery after open colorectal resections was evaluated in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

Acute neck cellulitis and mediastinitis complicating a continuous interscalene block

We report a case of acute neck cellulitis and mediastinitis complicating a continuous interscalene brachial plexus block. A 61-yr-old man was scheduled for an elective arthroscopic right shoulder rotator cuff repair. A continuous interscalene block was done preoperatively and 20 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine and 20 mL of 2% mepivacaine were injected through the catheter. Postoperative analgesia was provided by a continuous infusion of bupivacaine, 0.25% at 5 mL/h for 39 h using a 240-mL elastomeric disposable pump. The day after surgery, the patient complained of neck pain. The analgesic block was not fully effective. He was discharged home. Three days later, the patient was readmitted with neck edema and erythema, fever and fatigue. Neck ultrasonography and computed tomographic scan revealed an abscess of the interscalene and sternocleidomastiod muscles and cellulitis, as well as acute mediastinitis. Two blood cultures and surgical samples were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. The infection was treated with surgery, the site was surgically debrided, and a 2-mo course of vancomycin, imipenem, and oxacilline. The technique of drawing local anesthetic from the bottle and filling the elastomeric pump was the most likely cause of infection. This case emphasizes the importance of strict aseptic conditions during puncture, catheter insertion, and management of the local anesthetic infusate