Testing the cognitive and the communicative principles of relevance

The article reviews experiments that test consequences of the most central tenets of the theory, namely the cognitive and the communicative principle of relevance

Testing the cognitive and communicative principles of relevance

Outlines basic tenets of relevance theories and presents various experiments providing evidence about these tenet

How to open the door to System 2: Debiasing the Bat-and-Ball problem

We investigate the empirical conditions under which participants overcome the intuitive and normatively wrong answers they produce in the bat-and-ball problem

Hierarchical Pressure In The Cockpit: An ERP Study

Many accident reports have stressed the fact that first officers sometimes follow risky choices made by captains, resulting in the mitigation of flight safety. While this tendency is well known in the field of aviation, few studies have examined the impact of captains’ influence on first officers’ decision-making and the associated neural correlates. The present study aimed to investigate the extent to which first officers are influenced by captains when the latter adopt a risky behavior. Student pilots who were about to complete their training participated in this study. In the first part of the experiment, they were presented with 50 different landing situations (i.e., pictures of Primary Flight Display, PFD)

Belief Revision and Delusions: How Do Patients with Schizophrenia Take Advice?

The dominant cognitive model that accounts for the persistence of delusional beliefs in schizophrenia postulates that patients suffer from a general deficit in belief revision. It is generally assumed that this deficit is a consequence of impaired reasoning skills. However, the possibility that such inflexibility affects the entire system of a patient's beliefs has rarely been empirically tested. Using delusion-neutral material in a well-documented advice-taking task, the present study reports that patients with schizophrenia: 1) revise their beliefs, 2) take into account socially provided information to do so, 3) are not overconfident about their judgments, and 4) show less egocentric advice-discounting than controls. This study thus shows that delusional patients' difficulty in revising beliefs is more selective than had been previously assumed. The specificities of the task and the implications for a theory of delusion formation are discussed

Relevance effects in reasoning

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