Comparison of testis structure, function and thyroid hormone levels in control C57BL/6 mice and anti-mullerian hormone over expressing mice

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is considered as a negative regulator of postnatal Leydig cell (LC) differentiation, because AMH over expressing mice (Mt-hAMH mice) testes are deficient in LC. Therefore, in the present study Mt-hAMH mice was used as a model to examine the process of postnatal LC differentiation. Testis structure-function studies were performed in age-matching Mt-hAMH and C57BL/6 (controls) mice; testicular components were quantified and circulating testosterone and thyroid hormone levels (thyroxine/T4 and triiodothyronine/T3; necessary for postnatal LC differentiation) were determined. Results revealed that Mt-hAMH mice were heavier and their testis weights were smaller compared to controls. Mast cells were present in Mt-AMH testis interstitium, but absent in controls. The absolute volumes of seminiferous tubules (ST), testis interstitium, LC and blood vessels per testis were lower and lymphatic space was higher in Mt-hAMH mice than in controls (p<0.05). The average cell LC volume and their number per testis, ST length, plasma testosterone, luteinizing hormone-stimulated testosterone secretion per testis and per LC in vitro, plasma T4 and T3 were significantly lower in Mt-hAMH mice compared to controls (p<0.05). Increased body weight in Mt-hAMH mice could be attributed to the reduced T4 and T3. Reduced testis weight in Mt-AMH mice is explained by the reduced ST volume in them. Reduced plasma testosterone, testicular and LC testosterone secretion in vitro in Mt-hAMH mice can be explained by the reduced number, size and steroidogenic potential of LC in Mt-hAMH mice. Study revealed several structure-function deficiencies in Mt-AMH mouse compared to controls, which were not documented in previous investigations. As hypothyroidism causes arrest in postnatal LC differentiation, it is suggested that the reduced LC number in Mt-hAMH testes could be at least in part due to their reduced thyroid hormone levels. However, latter concept needs to be further tested in future investigations