More men than women make mucosal IgA antibodies to Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) and HPV-18: a study of oral HPV and oral HPV antibodies in a normal healthy population

BACKGROUND: We have previously shown the high prevalence of oral anti-human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) antibodies in women with HPV-associated cervical neoplasia. It was postulated that the HPV antibodies were initiated after HPV antigenic stimulation at the cervix via the common mucosal immune system. The present study aimed to further evaluate the effectiveness of oral fluid testing for detecting the mucosal humoral response to HPV infection and to advance our limited understanding of the immune response to HPV. METHODS: The prevalence of oral HPV infection and oral antibodies to HPV types 16, 18 and 11 was determined in a normal, healthy population of children, adolescents and adults, both male and female, attending a dental clinic. HPV types in buccal cells were determined by DNA sequencing. Oral fluid was collected from the gingival crevice of the mouth by the OraSure method. HPV-16, HPV-18 and HPV-11 antibodies in oral fluid were detected by virus-like particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. As a reference group 44 women with cervical neoplasia were included in the study. RESULTS: Oral HPV infection was highest in children (9/114, 7.9%), followed by adolescents (4/78, 5.1%), and lowest in normal adults (4/116, 3.5%). The predominant HPV type found was HPV-13 (7/22, 31.8%) followed by HPV-32 (5/22, 22.7%). The prevalence of oral antibodies to HPV-16, HPV-18 and HPV-11 was low in children and increased substantially in adolescents and normal adults. Oral HPV-16 IgA was significantly more prevalent in women with cervical neoplasia (30/44, 68.2%) than the women from the dental clinic (18/69, 26.1% P = 0.0001). Significantly more adult men than women displayed oral HPV-16 IgA (30/47 compared with 18/69, OR 5.0, 95% CI 2.09–12.1, P < 0.001) and HPV-18 IgA (17/47 compared with 13/69, OR 2.4, 95% CI 0.97–6.2, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The increased prevalence of oral HPV antibodies in adolescent individuals compared with children was attributed to the onset of sexual activity. The increased prevalence of oral anti-HPV IgA in men compared with women was noteworthy considering reportedly fewer men than women make serum antibodies, and warrants further investigation

The effect of a "resin coating" on the interfacial adaptation of composite inlays

The relatively low bond strengths of resin cements to dentin may result in poor interfacial adaptation of composite inlays. This study determined whether the interfacial adaptation of composite inlays could be improved by applying an adhesive system and a low viscosity microfilled resin to the prepared cavity walls before making an impression. Ten MOD cavities were prepared on extracted human premolars with gingival margins located above and below the cemento-enamel junction. A "resin coat" consisting of a self-etching primer system (Clearfil SE Bond) and a low viscosity microfilled resin (Protect Liner F) was applied to the cavities of half of the prepared teeth, while the remaining teeth served as non-coated control specimens. All the teeth were restored with composite inlays (Estenia) fabricated by the indirect method and cemented with a dual-cured resin cement (Panavia F). After finishing the margins with superfine burs, the bonded inlays were thermocycled between 4°C and 55°C for 400 cycles. Specimens were sectioned with a diamond saw and the tooth-restoration interfaces were observed with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test (p<0.05). The percentage length of gap formation at the dentinrestoration interface of the "resin coated" teeth (7.1 ± 3.5) was significantly less than that of the non-coated teeth (85.7 ± 6.7) (p<0.05). The concept of coating the prepared cavity with an adhesive system and a low viscosity microfilled resin resulted in observing fewer gaps at the internal dentin-restoration interface compared with the non-coated specimens.link_to_subscribed_fulltex