Synthesis of phosphorus related nanoparticles by using microorganisms as an option for increasing bioavailability

Phosphorus is a nonrenewable mineral and essential macronutrient for all living organisms. Nevertheless, sustainable utilization of phosphorous is questionable due to the low bioavailability of phosphorus. Nano formulation is a cutting-edge option to increase the bioavailability of phosphorus. If various chemical and physical techniques are available for the nano formulation, the biological route is a great concern due to its simple, eco-friendly and cost-effective nature. Among biological methods, microbial synthesis is a currently focused way due to the smart ability of microbes to synthesis nanoparticles. Microorganisms are consisted of potential materials to synthesize well-defined stable and pure phosphorus-related nanoparticles. Due to the tiny size and stability, microbially synthesized nanoparticles increase the bioavailability of phosphorus. Microbial synthesis of phosphorus-related nanoparticles is not well studied up to now and the area is open for plenty of studies. Deep discovering of the nano formulating mechanism at the genetic level is highly required for the development of nanoparticle synthesis by microbes. Scaling up the technique for mass production is required. Toxicological assessments of phosphorus-related nanoparticles are highly required before the application in the agricultural sector to confirm the safety. If in-depth studies can thorough the knowledge in the field and minimize the existing limitations, microbial synthesis of phosphorus-related nanoparticles would be revolutionized the agricultural sector