Crop Updates 2004 - Cereals

This session covers twenty eight papers from different authors: PLENARY 1. Declining profitability in continuous cropping systems. Is more wheat the answer on Duplex soil? Dr Wal Anderson, Department of Agriculture 2. Disease implications of extending the wheat phase in low-medium rainfall areas, Dr Vivian Vanstone and Dr Robert Loughman, Department of Agriculture 3. Prolonged wheat phase on duplex soils – where do weeds set the boundary? Vanessa Stewart, Department of Agriculture WHEAT AGRONOMY 4. Management of small grain screenings in wheat, Dr Wal Anderson and Dr Darshan Sharma, Department of Agriculture 5. Agronomic responses of new wheat varieties, Christine Zaicou-Kunesch, Dr Darshan Sharma, Brenda Shackley, Dr Mohammad Amjad, Dr Wal Anderson and Steve Penny,Department of Agriculture 6. Managing wheat yield reduction from wide rows, Dr Mohammad Amjad and Dr Wal Anderson, Department of Agriculture 7. Row spacing and stubble effect on wheat yield and ryegrass seed set, Glen Riethmuller, Department of Agriculture 8. Grain protein management – lessons learnt on the south coast, Jeremy Lemon, Department of Agriculture 9. Unravelling the mysteries of optimum seed rates, Dr Wal Anderson, Dr Darshan Sharma, Brenda Shackley and Mario D’Antuono, Department of Agriculture 10. Agronomic features for growing better wheat – south east agricultural region 2003, Dr Mohammad Amjad, Veronika Reck and Ben Curtis, Department of Agriculture 11. Agronomic responses of new wheat varieties – great southern agricultural region 2003, Brenda Shackley and Judith Devenish, Department of Agriculture 12. Variety specific responses of new wheat varieties – central agricultural region 2003, Dr Darshan Sharma and Dr Wal Anderson, Department of Agriculture 13. Agronomic responses of new wheat varieties – northern agricultural region 2003, Christine Zaicou-Kunesch, Melaine Kupsch and Anne Smith, Department of Agriculture BARLEY AND OAT AGRONOMY 14. Gairdner for high rainfall – where does Baudin fit in? Blakely Paynter, Roslyn Jettnerand Leanne Schulz, Department of Agriculture 15. Oaten hay – varieties and agronomy, Blakely Paynter, Jocelyn Ball and Tom Sweeny, Department of Agriculture NUTRITION 16. In-furrow fungicide applications in liquid fertiliser, Dr Stephen Loss, CSBP Ltd 17. Elemental sulphur as a fertiliser source in Western Australia, Ashleigh Brooks1A, Justin Fuery2, Geoff Anderson3 and Prof Zed Rengel1,1UWA, 2Summit FertilizerFertilisers and 3Department of Agriculture 18. Genetic variation in potassium efficiency of barley, Paul Damon and Prof. Zed Rengel, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, UWA 19. Managing protein through strategic N applications, Eddy Pol and Dr Stephen Loss, CSBP Ltd 20. Nitrogen management for wheat in high rainfall cropping areas, Narelle Hill1, Ray Tugwell1, Dr Wal Anderson1, Ron McTaggart1and Nathan Moyes2, 1Department of Agriculture and 2Landmark 21. Flag smut resistance in current WA wheat varieties, John Majewski and Dr Manisha Shankar, Department of Agriculture 22. Rust resistance update for wheat varieties in WA, Dr Manisha Shankar, John Majewski and Jamie Piotrowski, Department of Agriculture PESTS AND DISEASES 23. Stripe rust in WA – where was it and what can we learn from 2003? Dr Robert Loughman and Ciara Beard, Department of Agriculture 24. Foliar disease management – a key factor in the adoption of Baudin and Hamlin barley, Dr Kithsiri Jayasena, Dr Rob Loughman, Kazue Tanaka and Grey Poulish, Department of Agriculture 25. Validating aphid and virus risk forecasts for cereals, Dr Debbie Thackray, Rohan Prince and Dr Roger Jones, Department of Agriculture and Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture HARVESTING 26. Swathing Gairdner barley at 30% moisture, Peter Nelson¹ and Nigel Metz², ¹Cooperative Bulk Handling and ² Fitzgerald Biosphere Group MODELLING 27. Development of a web based grower decision aid application for cereal growers, Dr Leisa Armstrong1, Yee Leong (Alex) Yung1and Dr Moin Salam2 1School of Computer and Information Science, Edith Cowan University; and 2Department of Agriculture 28. Wheat varieties updated in ‘Flowering Calculator’ – a model predicting flowering time, Brenda Shackley, Dr David Tennant, Dr Darshan Sharma and Christine Zaicou‑Kunesch, Department of Agricultur

Comparative epidemiology of the persistently transmitted SCRLV and the non-persistently transmitted BYMV, and development of molecular hybridization analysis as a diagnostic method for SCRLV / by Kithsiri Wimal Jayasena

Some mounted ill.Bibliography: leaves 156-186ix, 186, 43 leaves, 35 leaves of plates : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Pathology, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, 198

Origin of Fungicide Resistant Barley Powdery Mildew in Western Australia: Lessons to be learned

The risk of fungicide resistance is greatest with pathogens with short dormant periods, with both sexual and asexual reproduction cycles, with large population sizes and when fungicides of a single mode of action (MOA) are repeatedly used. Most of the barley growing area in Western Australia (WA) has been seeded with powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh)) susceptible cultivars for the last 10–15 years. Fungicides from the triazole group dominate the market and are used repeatedly as both seed and foliar treatments. Field failures have been observed leading to losses estimated at AU$100 m annually since 2007. Reduced efficacy has often been found to result from alterations in the gene encoding triazole target 14α-sterol demethylase (CYP51 syn. ERG11). Clear associations were found between accumulations of CYP51 mutations and reductions in triazole sensitivity. The combination of susceptible cultivars, conducive environmental conditions and repeated use of a single MOA has led with disappointing predictability to perhaps the most costly fungicide resistance epidemic in history

A short insert in the leader sequence of RNA 3L, a long variant of Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA3, introduces two unidentified reading frames

The original publication can be found at www.springerlink.comN20-RNA 3L, a large form of RNA 3 associated with Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) strain N20 comprises 2281 nt and has approximately 97% overall sequence similarity to the longest previously described RNA 3 of AMV strain YSMV (YSMV-RNA 3; 2188 nt). Compared with YSMV-RNA 3, N20- RNA 3L contains an additional 97 nt in the 5’ leader upstream of the open reading frames for movement protein (MP) and coat protein (CP). Two overlapping unidentified reading frames (URF1 and URF2) result from this modification, each of which code for putative translation products of 21 amino acids. The URF1 putative peptide has a hydrophilic N-terminus and a hydrophobic C-terminus, indicating a possible association with both host cell membrane and cytosol whereas the putative URF2 product is predominantly hydrophobic. A further structural modification found in N20-RNA 3L is a new tandem repeat of 243 nts which overlaps with the MP open reading frame.Kithsiri W. Jayasena and John W. Randle