Oxidation of benzylic alcohols to carbonyls using tert-butyl hydroperoxide over pure phase nanocrystalline CeCrO<SUB>3</SUB>

Nanocrystalline phase pure CeCrO<SUB>3</SUB> was synthesized by a two step preparation method. The prepared material was characterized by techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), EDX and SEM analysis. The catalytic activity of CeCrO<SUB>3</SUB> was investigated for the oxidation of benzylic alcohols to the corresponding carbonyls using TBHP as oxidant. Oxidation of several structurally diverse primary and secondary benzylic alcohols were studied with the CeCrO<SUB>3</SUB>/TBHP catalytic system. The catalyst exhibited significant catalytic activity and selectivity in most of the cases

Heterogeneously Catalyzed Domino Synthesis of 3‑Indolylquinones Involving Direct Oxidative C–C Coupling of Hydroquinones and Indoles

A domino synthesis of 3-indolylquinones was achieved successfully via direct oxidative C–C coupling of hydroquinones with indoles over Ag₂O and Fe₃O₄/povidone–phosphotungstic acid (PVP–PWA) catalysts using H₂O₂ in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. Ag₂O catalyzed the in situ oxidation of hydroquinone and 3-indolylhydroquinone intermediates, whereas ferrite solid acid, Fe₃O₄/PVP–PWA, with a 1:4:1 ratio of Fe₃O₄, PVP, and PWA, catalyzed the activation of quinones. The efficiency of this catalytic domino approach was established by a broad scope of substrates involving a variety of hydroquinones and quinones to give high yields (81–97%) of 3-indolylquinones. Fe₃O₄/PVP–PWA was separated magnetically, whereas simple filtration could separate Ag₂O, both of which could be recycled several times without losing their activities

Heterogeneously catalyzed strategies for the deconstruction of high density polyethylene: plastic waste valorisation to fuels

The plastic industry generates enormous quantities of plastics at projected rates (both production and consumption) which can significantly threaten our environment in terms of plastic waste generation. High density polyethylene (HDPE) is one of the main fractions of municipal solid waste which has a remarkable potential to be valorised into fuels (e.g. bio-oils). Catalytic degradation is an innovative alternative process to transform plastic waste into such value added products. This mini review was aimed to discuss the most relevant and recent catalysts developed for the catalytic degradation of HDPE including metal oxides, sulphated metal oxides, zeolites, nanostructured zeolites, molecular sieves, fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts, metal carbonates and mesoporous materials for the production of chemicals and fuels (e.g. diesel and gasolines). Activities and selectivities as well as important effects of additives, particle size, catalyst to polymer ratios and also recent approaches for waste management will be discussed

Isoniazid Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics in an Aerosol Infection Model of Tuberculosis

Limited data exist on the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) parameters of the bactericidal activities of the available antimycobacterial drugs. We report on the PK-PD relationships for isoniazid. Isoniazid exhibited concentration (C)-dependent killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv in vitro, with a maximum reduction of 4 log(10) CFU/ml. In these studies, 50% of the maximum effect was achieved at a C/MIC ratio of 0.5, and the maximum effect did not increase with exposure times of up to 21 days. Conversely, isoniazid produced less than a 0.5-log(10) CFU/ml reduction in two different intracellular infection models (J774A.1 murine macrophages and whole human blood). In a murine model of aerosol infection, isoniazid therapy for 6 days produced a reduction of 1.4 log(10) CFU/lung. Dose fractionation studies demonstrated that the 24-h area under the concentration-time curve/MIC (r(2) = 0.83) correlated best with the bactericidal efficacy, followed by the maximum concentration of drug in serum/MIC (r(2) = 0.73)