Northern Chinese dental ages estimated from southern Chinese reference datasets closely correlate with chronological age

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On the semi-local convergence of a sixth order method in Banach space

High convergence order methods are important in computational mathematics, since they generate sequences converging to a solution of a non-linear equation. The derivation of the order requires Taylor series expansions and the existence of derivatives not appearing on the method. Therefore, these results cannot assure the convergence of the method in those cases when such high order derivatives do not exist. But, the method may converge. In this article, a process is introduced by which the semi-local convergence analysis of a sixth order method is obtained using only information from the operators on the method. Numerical examples are included to complement the theory

Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Dental Practice in the United States.

Dear Editor, The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) is affecting millions of lives across the world. In the United States, the number of confirmed cases with COVID-19 and associated mortality has been on a steady rise since mid-February 2020. As of May 1, 2020, COVID-19 positive cases were reported in 55 states and territories in the United States infecting around 1,062,446 people and causing over 62,406 deaths. The first pediatric case in the United States was reported on March 2, 2020. Around 2,572 children below the age of 18 have tested positive, representing 1.7 percent of the total infected population, and no gender predilection has been detected. Disease characteristics differ from adults in that most COVID-19 positive children are either asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, decreasing the disease’s direct impact on children. Children most commonly experience fever (56 percent), cough (54 percent), headache (28 percent), sore throat (24 percent), and myalgia (23 percent) in addition to minor symptoms including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The reported mortality rate is much lower in children than in older age groups. COVID-19 has disrupted the conventional way of practicing and teaching pediatric dentistry in the United States. During this unprecedented time, only emergency dental treatment is being recommended. The authors of this submission aim to provide information as it is developing on interim pediatric dental clinical care, safe practice environments, and economic implications for practices

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19):Characteristics in children and considerations for Dentists providing their care

The emergence of the novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to a global pandemic and one of the most significant challenges to the healthcare profession. Dental practices are focal points for cross-infection, and care must be taken to minimise the risk of infection to, from, or between dental care professionals and patients. The COVID-19 epidemiological and clinical characteristics are still being collated but children's symptoms seem to be milder than those that adults experience. It is unknown whether certain groups, for example children with comorbidities, might be at a higher risk of more severe illness. Emerging data on disease spread in children, affected by COVID-19, have not been presented in detail. The purpose of this article was to report current data on the paediatric population affected with COVID-19 and highlight considerations for dentists providing care for children during this pandemic. All members of the dental team have a professional responsibility to keep themselves informed of current guidance and be vigilant in updating themselves as recommendations are changing so quickly.</p

Radiographic localization of supernumerary teeth: a narrative review

ObjectivesTo conduct a narrative review of the published literature on the localization techniques to identify the best technique for the localization of supernumerary teeth.MethodsAn extensive search of literature published in English between January 1966 and May 2024 was conducted using the “Medline via PubMed” and “Cochrane database” databases. The keywords included in the search were “localization” “radiographs”, and “impacted teeth”, or “un-erupted teeth”, or “supernumerary teeth” or “supernumerary tooth”. The citation lists from the included articles were examined to identify additional reports and a hand search was also conducted. Kappa statistics were used for intra-examiner reliability.ResultsThe initial search yielded 4,864 citations, subsequently examined and supplemented by a hand search to find additional studies. Commonly used techniques for the localization of supernumerary teeth are the horizontal tube shift technique, vertical tube shift technique, vertex occlusal technique, and cone-beam computerized tomography.ConclusionThe most commonly used localization techniques for supernumerary teeth are horizontal tube shift, vertex occlusal, vertical tube shift, and cone-beam computerized tomography. Conventional radiographs only provide two-dimensional views of 3-dimensional structures. Three-dimensional imaging alone can provide accurate data on impacted supernumerary teeth but, the need for this film has to be justified because of the higher radiation exposure

VISIÓN AÉREA DE LA LAGUNA DE VALLESECO [Material gráfico]

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, 201

Reporting stAndards for research in PedIatric Dentistry (RAPID):a development protocol

Reporting guidelines can improve the quality of reports of research findings. Some specialities in health care however require guidance on areas that are not captured within the existing guidelines, and this is the case for Paediatric Dentistry where no such standards are available to guide the reporting of different types of study designs. The ‘Reporting stAndards for research in PedIatric Dentistry’ (RAPID) group aims to address this need by developing guidelines on reporting elements of research of particular relevance to Paediatric Dentistry. The development of RAPID guidelines will involve a five‐phase process including a Delphi study, which is an explicit consensus development method designed and implemented in accordance with the Guidance on Conducting and REporting DElphi Studies. The guideline development process will be overseen by an Executive Group. Themes specific to areas in Paediatric Dentistry will be selected, and items to be included under each theme will be identified by members of the Executive Group reviewing at least five reports of experimental and analytical study types using existing reporting guidelines. For the Delphi study, the Executive Group will identify an international multidisciplinary RAPID Delphi Group (RDG) of approximately 60 participants including academics, Paediatric Dentists, parents, and other stakeholders. Each item will be evaluated by RDG on clarity using a dichotomous scale (‘well phrased’ or ‘needs revision’) and on suitability for inclusion in the Delphi study using a 9‐point Likert scale (1 = ‘definitely not include’ to 9 = ‘definitely include’). The items will then be included in an online Delphi study of up to four rounds, with participants invited from stakeholder groups across Paediatric Dentistry. Items scored 7 or above by at least 80% of respondents will be included in the checklist and further discussed in a face‐to‐face Delphi consensus meeting. Following this, the Executive Group will finalize the RAPID guidelines. The guidelines will be published in peer‐reviewed scientific journals and disseminated at scientific meetings and conferences. All the outputs from this project will be made freely available on the RAPID website: www.rapid-statement.org

Reporting stAndards for research in PedIatric Dentistry (RAPID):an expert consensus-based statement

Abstract Background Reporting guidelines for different study designs are currently available to report studies with accuracy and transparency. There is a need to develop supplementary guideline items that are specific to areas within Pediatric Dentistry. This study aims to develop Reporting stAndards for research in PedIatric Dentistry (RAPID) guidelines using a pre-defined expert consensus-based Delphi process. Methods The development of the RAPID guidelines was based on the Guidance for Developers of Health Research Reporting Guidelines. Following a comprehensive search of the literature, the Executive Group identified ten themes in Pediatric Dentistry and compiled a draft checklist of items under each theme. The themes were categorized as: General, Oral Medicine, Pathology and Radiology, Children with Special Health Care Needs, Sedation and Hospital Dentistry, Behavior Guidance, Dental Caries, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Pulp Therapy, Traumatology, and Interceptive Orthodontics. A RAPID Delphi Group (RDG) was formed comprising of 69 members from 15 countries across six continents. Items were scored using a 9-point rating Likert scale. Items achieving a score of seven and above, marked by at least 70% of RDG members were accepted into the RAPID checklist items. Weighted mean scores were calculated for each item. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 and one-way ANOVA was used to calculate the difference in the weighted mean scores between the themes. Results The final RAPID checklist comprised of 128 items that were finalized and approved by the RDG members in the online consensus meeting. The percentage for high scores (scores 7 to 9) ranged from 69.57 to 100% for individual items. The overall weighted mean score of the final items ranged from 7.51 to 8.28 (out of 9) and the difference was statistically significant between the themes (p < 0.05). Conclusions The RAPID statement provides guidance to researchers, authors, reviewers and editors, to ensure that all elements relevant to particular studies are adequately reported

The histological development of the fetal human inferior colliculus during the second trimester

The inferior colliculus (IC) is an important midbrain station of the auditory pathway, as well as an important hub of multisensory integration. The adult mammalian IC can be subdivided into three nuclei, with distinct cyto- and myeloarchitectonical profiles and distinct calcium binding proteins expression patterns. Despite several studies about its structural and functional development, the knowledge about the human fetal IC is rather limited. In this paper we first systematically describe the histological development of the human fetal IC and its subparts in five stages of the second trimester of pregnancy: 15 gestation weeks (GW), 18 GW, 21 GW, 24 GW, and 27 GW. We 3D reconstruct and calculate the volumetric growth of IC from one stage to another, which increases from 12.85 mm3 at 15 GW to 34.27 mm3 at 27 GW in the left hemisphere. The volumetric changes in the IC were further evaluated at the cellular level using serial Nissl-stained sections, as well as glial fibrillary acidic proteins (GFAP) and calretinin immunohistochemistry. We identify stellate-like and round neurons in the central nucleus of the IC (CNIC) at 24 GW and 27 GW, comparable to the adult human IC. Novel in this study, we investigate the differential calretinin expression patterns in the IC subparts, from 15 GW to 27 GW. CR labeling is identified mainly in the cortical IC rather than in the central nucleus. Furthermore, using GFAP, we describe the radial glial fibers patterns in IC, which are dominant at 18 GW and gradually taper off at later developmental stages. Finally, we describe the development of astroglia in each of the five developmental stages. All these results indicate that the human fetal IC development and cellular maturation occur in two major stages during the second trimester