Remediation of contaminated sites using hot gas injection

Remediation of contaminated subsurface sites at lower cost and time than currently used technologies are being demonstrated for a systems concept using new technology developed at the Hazardous Substance Management Research Center at New Jersey Institute of Technology. A technique for pneumatic fracture is employed to open subsurface passages to enhance vacuum extraction of contaminants. Economical and environmentally sound destruction of these contaminants is then accomplished using catalytic oxidation followed by scrubbing to remove air pollutants. The hot gas from this phase of the process is then injected into the subsurface formation after being used to preheat the fuel/air mixture to catalyst operating temperature, to increase contaminant temperature, hence vapor pressure leading to increased contaminant mass removal rates. A computer based model of the subsurface heating process has been developed to provide for engineering design. Using the heat injection well as the radial center for a cylindrical coordinate system, a non-steady state numerical heat transfer model is utilized to predict ground temperature in three dimensions assuming uniform gas flow along the fracture planes. Extension of the above model has been made to include contaminant mass removal. The change in rate of evaporation of chlorocarbon contaminants and low vapor pressure organic liquids in the vadose zone is related to the computed temperature increases. This connection allows assessment of the expected change in the measured mass removal rates of contaminants as a result of hot gas injection into the sub-surface. It was found that trichloroethylene (TCE) is removed from the surface of the formation cracks at gas temperatures of 635 °F and redeposits further downstream as the temperature drops to 60 °F. If the formation is heated for a sufficiently long time then the TCE would be transported to the extraction well. For accurate predictions of temperature distribution and mass removal rates, the model must be calibrated on the actual site of the clean-up

IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF GRAND ANICUT UNDER THE SIR ARTHUR COTTON

Even before India went under the colonial rule of the British, while the East India Company continued to administer the territories in their command, they realised that the restoration and improvements to the existing irrigation works should get the first priority in the civilian rule to keep the farming community in good humor and assist in maintaining food production, incidentally improving their revenue. As early as 1809, engineers under designation of "Superintendents of Tank repairs" were appointed and asked to aid the Collectors. This shows that the minor irrigation tanks occupied prime place among the public works at the time. By 1825, the post of "The Inspector General of Chill Estimates" was created to function in the headquarters under the Board of Revenue and supervise the work of the 'Superintendents of tank Repairs' in the districts. The contribution made by the most illustrious irrigation engineer of the times, Sir Arthur Cotton, has been immense. Ever since he entered service in 1822 as an Assistant to the 'Superintendent of Tank Repairs' he plunged himself heart and soul for the continued development of irrigation benefits to this part of the country. The one ambition he had closest to his heart was to create large reservoirs, dig up a net-work of canals all over on the Indian continent and make them all irrigation cum navigation canals so that the farmers could be offered cheap mode of water transport for marketing their produce. Godavari river was to be the scene of his most toilsome labour and his grandest success was in the planning and construction of the Dowleshwaram ani cut across this majestic river in record time during 184 7 to 1852 and transform the delta into a prosperous tract with numerous canals and distributaries navigable as well. He drew great appreciation from the Governor in Council and the Court of Directors of the East India Company in England. More than that he has left behind a name and fame and is being remembered with great reverence and deified by the local populace to this day. His handling of the Cauvery irrigation was superb. The Celerons arm was scouring itself deeper and the Cauvery was getting silted up

3D Printing Support-less Engineered Lattice Structures via Jetting of Molten Aluminum Droplets

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) metal jetting is a novel additive manufacturing method where parts can be manufactured by precisely depositing molten metal droplets. This thesis work explores the possibility of using such a method to print engineered lattice structures without the aid of any support material. It was determined through experiments that by carefully controlling the droplet jetting frequency, the droplet step-over distance, and the stand-off distance between the print head and the substrate, pillars with varying angles to the substrate could be printed. Also presented is the parameter study which maps droplets jetting frequency, and droplet step-over distance with the angle of the printed strut. The experiments discussed here were conducted using 4043 Aluminum and the approach can be considered as a generalization that could be extended to any metal that can be jetted using the Magnetohydrodynamic jetting process

Optimization of impact behavior of bio particulated coir-vinyl ester composites using simulated annealing with post analysis

The present investigation is focused on evaluation and optimization of impact behavior of bio particulated coir-vinyl ester composites. The bio particles such as groundnut shell, alumina and termite mound soil have been selected and their influences on the impact behavior of coir -vinyl ester composites are evaluated. The bio particulated composite fabrications are planned as per full factorial design with the different levels of fibre length, fibre content and particulate content. The impact strength of fabricated composites is evaluated. The nonlinear regression models are developed for the prediction of impact behaviors over the specified range of conditions. The fabrication parameters for the maximum value of impact behaviors are also determined using simulated annealing algorithm and conformance checking is carried out using post analysis. The optimum values of impact behaviors of 39.5, 45.9 and 52.1 kJ/m2 are obtained in coir-vinyl ester composites reinforced with groundnut shell, alumina and termite mound soil respectively.

A SCIENTOMETRIC STUDY OF INDIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

The present study examines the six hundred and forty six research paper published in the Indian Journal of Chemical Technology during the years from 2008 to 2017. The main objective of the paper is to examine the publication trends in the field of chemical engineering and technology. The result of study indicates that on an average of 64.6 papers published per year during the study periods. The majority of the contributions were made by multiple authors. More than seventy five percent of the contributors belong to India. An average number of references appended per research paper are 28.93

A SCIENTOMETRIC STUDY OF INDIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

The present study examines the six hundred and forty six research paper published in the Indian Journal of Chemical Technology during the years from 2008 to 2017. The main objective of the paper is to examine the publication trends in the field of chemical engineering and technology. The result of study indicates that on an average of 64.6 papers published per year during the study periods. The majority of the contributions were made by multiple authors. More than seventy five percent of the contributors belong to India. An average number of references appended per research paper are 28.93

A Case of Isolated Axillary Tuberculous Lymphadenitis

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the communicable diseases with high morbidity to the patient. TB is divided into pulmonary and  extrapulmonary TB. In extrapulmonary TB, isolated axillary TB is rare and sometimes creates diagnostic difficulty, particularly in female patients. The axillary lymph nodes are affected in around 3% of tuberculous lymphadenitis. Our case presented with isolated axillary tuberculous lymphadenitis which is rare without evidence of TB elsewhere in the body. It is more common in females compared to males, and it commonly involves the left side. Most of the cases do not show systemic manifestations. Chest X‑ray and ultrasound are useful primary investigations for the diagnosis. Histopathological examination of the lymph node is the confirmatory test for axillary tuberculous adenitis. Hence, tuberculous lymphadenopathy should be considered one of the differential diagnoses in a female patient with isolated axillary lymphadenopathy even without clinical manifestations of TB. Keywords: Axillary calcification, axillary tuberculous, lymphadenitis, macrocalcificatio

A SCIENTOMETRIC STUDY ON THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE

This paper exhibits the Scientometric analysis of the Indian journal of community medicine between the period 2008 and 2018. This study fundamentally covers the creation design, number of articles, references and the quantity of pages. The present investigation has been taken to know the nature and substance of articles in the Indian journal of community medicine the journal has published 411 articles during the examination time frame. This shows the commonness of group look into. The most noteworthy number of pages is recorded as 343 pages. The normal number of pages per article is five

Numerical modelling of bipolar plate in pem fuel cells to analyse the pressure drop in various channels and development of a novel geometry of the bipolar plate.

Nabavi, Sayed Ali - Associate SupervisorThis work centres on comprehending and elevating the performance of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) hydrogen fuel cells, with a specific emphasis on minimizing pressure drop in the bipolar plate. Fuel cell efficiency hinges upon core factors, including electrochemical reaction, temperature, and pressure management. Notably, pressure drop within the fuel cell plays a pivotal role in determining overall efficiency and power output. The study aims to tackle the pressing issue of pressure drop, primarily manifested in the bipolar plate, profoundly affecting the fuel cell's output power. Researchers have pursued ground-breaking designs to curtail pressure drop and augment power output. However, certain advanced designs pose challenges in fabrication, leading to a research gap impeding the development of efficient models. To bridge this gap, the study proposes a novel and straightforward bipolar plate design, demanding minimal external power and eliminating the need for intricate geometries. Furthermore, apart from pressure drop, fuel cell inefficiencies are compounded by obstacles like inadequate meshing and porosity integrity of the end plates. Consequently, costly platinum and gold-plated end plates are often deployed to achieve superior output performance. The research reveals that velocity variations influence pressure within existing models, furnishing valuable insights for attaining improved efficiencies in fuel cells. The work presents a comprehensive analysis of PEM fuel cells, with particular attention to the bipolar plate's design and its ramifications on pressure drop. The proposed novel geometry aims to enhance fuel cell performance while addressing challenges linked to complex designs. The research findings offer valuable recommendations for optimizing fuel cell efficiencies, thereby contributing to the advancement of clean energy technologies.MSc by Research in Energy and Powe

Morphometrics and distribution of antennal sensillae of both sexes of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a devastating invasive pest persisting as a menace hampering the progress of Indian agriculture. The morphometrics and distribution of antennal sensilla of both sexes of S. frugiperda were investigated in the study. The antenna was filiform for both sexes and was composed of scape, pedicel and flagellum. Male antennas had more subsegments (65-71) in the flagellum than female (56-70) antennas. Male and female S. frugiperda antennae possessed eight types of sensilla: sensilla trichoidea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla styloconica, sensilla basiconica, sensilla auricillica, sensilla squamiformia and Bӧhm’s bristles. Sensilla trichoidea was the most abundant sensilla found in the antenna of both sexes and was more abundant in males than in females. It was also noticed that male antenna was longer than the female antenna. The results of the present study helps to assess alternative management strategies with an electrophysiological response of the pest towards sex pheromones and in combination with plant info chemicals for monitoring and management of S. frugiperda in agricultural ecosystems.