25,243 research outputs found
Care Patterns and Outcomes for Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes in Nevada
This study demonstrates substantial differences between Nevada and the national average in patterns of hospital based care in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic patients in Nevada are more likely to be hospitalized through the emergency department, and more likely to be admitted for a condition related to diabetes. Moreover, in Nevada, Medicaid and uninsured patients with diabetes are more likely to experience adverse outcomes then their privately insured counterparts. These differences may be primarily reflective of variances in access to ambulatory care, care seeking behavior, and availability of health services and facilities. Policies promoting expansion of health care benefits to include coverage for people at risk for type 2 diabetes and strengthening the ambulatory care services network, and system in the state, is necessary to reduce discrepancies in patterns of hospitalization and improve outcomes
Discovery of a tight correlation between pulse lag/luminosity and jet-break times: a connection between gamma-ray burst and afterglow properties
A correlation is presented between the pulse lag and the jet-break time for
seven BATSE gamma-ray bursts with known redshifts. This is, to our best
knowledge, the first known direct tight correlation between a property of the
gamma-ray burst phase (the pulse lag) and the afterglow phase (the jet-break
time). As pulse lag and luminosity have been found to be correlated this also
represents a correlation between peak luminosity and jet-break time. Observed
timescales (variability or spectral lags) as well as peak luminosity naturally
have a strong dependence on the Lorentz factor of the outflow and so we propose
that much of the variety among GRBs has a purely kinematic origin (the speed or
direction of the outflow).
We explore a model in which the variation among GRBs is due to a variation in
jet-opening angles, and find that the narrowest jets have the fastest outflows.
We also explore models in which the jets have similar morphology and size, and
the variation among bursts is caused by variation in viewing angle and/or due
to a velocity profile. The relations between luminosity, variability, spectral
lag and jet-break time can be qualitatively understood from models in which the
Lorentz factor decreases as a function of angle from the jet axis. One expects
to see high luminosities, short pulse lags and high variability as well as an
early jet-break time for bursts viewed on axis, while higher viewing
inclinations will yield lower luminosities, longer pulse lags, smoother bursts
and later jet-break times.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, accepted to ApJ (new version contains minor
changes
The Constitutional Convention and Court Merger in New York State
In November 2017, voters in New York, for the first time in twenty years, will be asked to decide whether there “[s]hall be a convention to revise the constitution and amend the same?” If it is decided by the electorate to call a convention, “delegates will be elected in November 2018, and the convention will convene in April 2019.” One of the significant goals of a convention would be the achievement of court merger in the Empire State. The purpose of this perspective is to discuss the pros and cons of a constitutional convention with an emphasis on court merger
A domain-specific analysis system for examining nuclear reactor simulation data for light-water and sodium-cooled fast reactors
Building a new generation of fission reactors in the United States presents
many technical and regulatory challenges. One important challenge is the need
to share and present results from new high-fidelity, high-performance
simulations in an easily usable way. Since modern multiscale, multi-physics
simulations can generate petabytes of data, they will require the development
of new techniques and methods to reduce the data to familiar quantities of
interest (e.g., pin powers, temperatures) with a more reasonable resolution and
size. Furthermore, some of the results from these simulations may be new
quantities for which visualization and analysis techniques are not immediately
available in the community and need to be developed.
This paper describes a new system for managing high-performance simulation
results in a domain-specific way that naturally exposes quantities of interest
for light water and sodium-cooled fast reactors. It describes requirements to
build such a system and the technical challenges faced in its development at
all levels (simulation, user interface, etc.). An example comparing results
from two different simulation suites for a single assembly in a light-water
reactor is presented, along with a detailed discussion of the system's
requirements and design.Comment: Article on NiCE's Reactor Analyzer. 23 pages. Keywords: modeling,
simulation, analysis, visualization, input-outpu
Adverse Maternal Outcomes in Nevada: Does Asthma Matter?
Objective. Asthma is a common clinical complication of pregnancy and women with asthma are at greater risk of having complications. This study compared adverse maternal outcomes between women with asthma and women without asthma in Nevada.
Methods. A total of 64,664 hospital discharges of delivery were abstracted from the Nevada 2003-2004 hospital discharges and thirteen adverse maternal outcomes were examined. Logistic regression was applied to compare the maternal outcomes between women with and without asthma.
Results. Women with asthma were more likely to have pre-eclampsia (OR [CI] 1.73 [1.13, 2.65]), transient hypertension of pregnancy (OR [CI] 1.76 [1.11, 2.78]), pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR [CI] 1.89 [1.42, 2.53]), gestational diabetes (OR [CI] 1.89 [1.32, 2.72]), infection of the amniotic cavity (OR [CI] 2.15 [1.29, 3.58]), and cesarean section (OR [CI] 1.87 [1.56, 2.23] ).
Conclusion. Women with asthma experienced a greater risk of having adverse maternal outcomes. Community-based education programs, as well as, services offered in traditional healthcare settings should be supported to educate pregnant women about the potential risk factors and the relationship between asthma and maternal outcomes
Limited Contribution of Health Behaviours to Expanding Income-Related Chronic Disease Disparities Based on a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in China
This study estimated the association of income and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and hypertension, and then quantified the contribution of health behaviors to the association in China. Using the 2013 survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a logit model was applied to examine income-related health disparities in relation to CVD and hypertension. A four-step regression method was then constructed to measure the role of health behaviors in income-related health disparities. Using indirect effects, mediation by health behaviors was examined. Income-related health disparities in chronic diseases were found to exist in China. Specifically, individuals in the high-income group had a 14% (OR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.73–1.02) and 14% (OR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.76–0.97) lower odds of suffering from CVD and hypertension than those in the low-income group. However, limited evidence shows this association was mediated by health behaviors. The Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI), heavy drinking, irregular eating, and nap time did not significantly mediate the association of income and prevalence of CVD and hypertension. To curb the rising prevalence of CVD and hypertension in China, policies should focus on the low-income subpopulation. However, healthy behaviors interventions targeting smoking, heavy drinking, unhealthy napping and irregular eating habits among low-income people may be ineffective in reduction of income-related disparities in prevalence of CVD and hypertension
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