Efficacy of Apitherapy for Skin Regeneration

In daily routine, skin may be exposed to diverse severity showing wounds and burns which heal at different rate. This variation in dermal recovery and regeneration rate indirectly indicates the physiological factors which function to reestablish internal normal state of the body. To speed up the process of skin healing, several cost effective local produce based boosters are utilized for treatment of dermal burns and injuries. In this regard, honey bee products are preferred as alternative than side effects inducing anthropogenic medicines. Apitherapy (bee therapy) is the broad-spectrum pharmaceutical appliance of honey, propolis, bee pollen, royal jelly, bee wax, bee venom and bee bread which are commonly obtained products from honey bees and are considered as ideal skin healers due to their suitable biochemical composition, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and other supportive qualities. Thus, further research efforts are required for better apiculture techniques and dose optimization of these bee products to replace many hazardous antibiotics and other synthetic drugs

Food Borne Health Issues and Their Relevance to Pakistani Society

Food borne illness is a common issue of Pakistan like other developing countries. They transmit either through microbial contamination or by chemicals exposure. Among them the microbial food borne outbreaks are of wide range and abundant. Most common pathogens are Campylobacter spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and norovirus. In addition to that, there are various routes of toxic chemicals exposure during food preparation, storage and handling due to over all unhygienic conditions and lack of awareness. As outcome, excluding some leading brands of readymade food items, consumers are bound to avail such contaminated victuals as fresh produce and also in prepared form.  In the current review, it was noticed that an urgent sound mechanism is required at government and consumers level to check and control this serious food mishandling to avoid loss of food resources, potential and of national economy.

Frequency of Impacted Third Molar in Mandibular Angle Fractures in Patients Presenting to Ayub Teaching Hospital

Mandibular fractures are one of the commonest maxillofacial injury. Fractures take place at various locations. Mandibular angle fracture susceptibility in addition to being associated to the type and direction of impact is also associated with impacted 3rd molar.The objective of the study is to determine the frequency of impacted third molar in mandibular angle fracture.This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed for a period of six months on one hundred and twenty-two patients with mandibular. OPG was done to determine the state of 3rd molar tooth. The states of 3rd molar tooth along with its inclination were noted on a proforma.The frequency of 3rd molar impaction in fractures of angle of mandible was 36.1%. Young age (less than 31 years in this study) was significantly associated with development of impacted 3rd molar tooth (p < 0.05).Individuals with impacted 3rd molar should be educated about the possibility of the fracture of mandibular angle so that preventive measures can be adopted

Psychrophilic Microbial Enzymes Implications in Coming Biotechnological Processes

Psychrophilic microorganisms produce a variety of cold-active enzymes which are used as production accelerators at commercial level to cope increasing demands necessitating low temperature conditions. The psychrophilic enzymes are frequently employed in food processing, textile, detergents, feed stocks, bioremediation, cosmetics, paper and pharmaceutical industries. But being extermophilic in nature, psychrophiles have certain pH, ionic strength and temperature limitation. To overcome such issues, their molecular biology and beneficial genetic engineering approaches are current goals of researchers. In this regard, many successful studies have accomplished importance of cold-active enzymes at industrial level. This review summarizes applications of potential psychrozymes

A Review: Dermal Ailments Causing Microbiota

Though skin is protective shield of body still it is prone to not only wounds, burns but also to microbial invasion which may be mainly due to bacteria, fungi or various strains of viruses. Frequently reported dermal ailments are acne, measles, psoriasis, impetigo, cellulitis, molluscum contagiosum, tinea capitis, tinea pedis, atopic dermatitis, chronic wounds, ring worm, scabies, and onychomycosis which have broad spectrum pathophysiological effects. There are several root causes of the onset of development of infectious skin microbiota but major ones are intake of improper diet and lack of personal hygiene awareness and practice. To control these skin microbial diseases further research is required to find out low cost healthy food alternatives and programmed public awareness related to personal hygiene.      &nbsp

Ecological Study of Vanellus indicus in District Narowal, Pakistan

Red wattled lapwing is commonly found and endemic species of Asian agricultural lands. Its preferred habitat is airy lands, rural and even urban areas. The main aims of current investigatory effort were the observation of different parameters of breeding ecology of Vanellus indicus including breeding sites, incubation period, the clutch size, survival rate of chicks and possible reasons of their mortality which are localized in Narowal district. Red wattled lapwings forage on several types of insects, snails, seeds, and of invertebrates. Experimental observations highlight that the annual breeding season is of average 26-30 days of V. Indicus begins from the March and till the end of August. Moreover, the weight of their eggs falls between 22.0 to 28.0g. These findings about local species may serve for next experimental designs based of on V. indicus and further focus should be on those factors which may improve its breeding. Similarly, the estimation of feeding preferences of this species can directly help in low cost biological control management for crops

SERUM MALONDIALDEHYDE AS PREDICTOR OF OXDATIVE STRESS IN EARLY RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.

Objective: To measure the concentration and role of malondialdehyde to determine oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis patients and comparing them with healthy individuals. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted on 180 patients of age 49 to 70 years and both gender. Study was completed in the department of physiology Sheikh Zaid Medical College, Quid e Azam Medical college and Lahore General Hospital, from October 2017 to October 2018. Study was started after obtaining ethical approval and informed consent from the patients. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze data related to study. Continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviation like age and Serum MDA concentration, categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages like gender. Post operative chi square test was applied and p value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Overall, there were 100% (n=180) patients were included, in this study. The study group was further divided into two equal groups, 50% (n=90) in each, i.e. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) group and control group. RA group patients include those diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis clinically and through lab investigations and control group consist of normal healthy adults. The serum MDA levels in the RA patients were 3.97±1.03 nmoles/ml and it was 1.59±0.32 nmol/ml in control patients. The difference was statistically significant (t=20.87, p=0.001). Conclusion: the observations of our study showed statistically significant raised serum Malondialdehyde level as compared to control group. Keywords: Malondialdehyde, Rheumatoid arthritis, Lipid per oxidation, Free radicals. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/55-18 Publication date:May 31st 201

Impact of Dietary Counselling to Improve Nutritional Status of Hemodialysis Patients

Proper nutrition may reverse the malnutrition and can modulate renal function in hemodialysis patients. In majority of the dialysis units in Pakistan, nutritional advice is given by health professionals working in dialysis. We compared the impact of dietary counseling by a renal dietitian, on nutritional status with that by health professionals working in dialysis units in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Nutritional assessments were made using subjective global assessment (SGA) scale, which combines assessment of intake, physical findings, and functional status. Two hundred and seventy‑seven patients undergoing hemodialysis from two renal care units in Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar and Lahore Gernal Hospital Lahore Pakistan, were enrolled (138 patients in control group, 139 in experimental group). In the experimental group, patients were given repeated dietary counseling by a renal dietician, whereas control group patients were provided with the necessary nutritional information by another health professional. Detailed nutritional, biochemical, and SGA assessment were done on all of them at the beginning and completion of study after 6 months. Patients were categorized as well‑nourished (WN) (SGA = 1–14), mild to moderate malnourishment (MMM) (SGA = 15–35), and severe malnutrition (SM) (SGA = 36–49). In the present study, the overall malnutrition rate at baseline was 95.3%, and it dropped down to 91.7% after 6 months after nutritional counseling. In the experimental group, malnutrition status decreased from 97.2% to 89.8%, whereas in the control group, malnutrition situation remained same. Compared to baseline, in the control group, there was no improvement in the WN group. However, a shift has been observed from MMM group to SM group suggesting more number of patients are becoming malnourished. Contrarily, in the experimental group, an improvement of +7.2% in WN group and +14.3% in MMM group and a drop of −21.6% in severe malnourished group suggesting more number of patients gaining nutrition. The present study observed a significant improvement in nutritional status of patients who received counseling by the renal dietician. The reduction in SGA score was independent of reductions in serum creatinine and blood urea levels Keywords: Dietary Counselling, Nutritional Status, Hemodialysis Patients DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/55-16 Publication date:May 31st 201

Feet Microbial Infections

Microbial foot disorders are quite common around the globe. People who usually don’t take care about their foot hygiene and overall health often suffer from serious foot ailments. Causes of these disorders may be poor cleanliness, diabetes miletus, improper foot ware and socks use.  Among them, shoes and socks as remain moist due to sweat and dirt, are a potent source of microbial invasion which may be either of bacterial, fungal or viral origin, sometimes algal too. People of third world countries are more prone to such disorders because of lack of awareness. These issues can be controlled by introducing proper general mass awareness regarding foot care and hygiene and by spreading information regarding foot ulcers and wounds handling to medical staff and common people

Insecticide Screening For Effectiveness of Controlling Onion Thrips (Thrips Tabaci, Lindemann)

For the control of Thrips tabaci Lindeman Three insecticides product Movento240SC+Biopower276.6SL, Acephate75SP and Confidor200SL were applied against the onion (Allium cepa) thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman). The movento240SC+Biopower 276.6SP gave the highest results against the onion (Allium cepa) thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) as compared to the other market standard insecticides of Acephate75SP and confidor200SL. The dose of Movento 240SP + Biopower 276.6SL 2.8 + 4.7 ml having more good results as compared to the other dose Movento 240SP +  Biopower 276.6 SL 2.4 + 4.7 ml. Keywords: onion thrips, insecticide use, insect contro