Cadres social, linguistique et climatique d’une enquête alimentaire à Dakar: Adaptation d’une chercheuse à son terrain

International audienceThe Social, Linguistic and Climatic Frameworks of a Dietary Survey in Dakar - Adaptation of a Researcher in her Field. In Africa concerning food, large quantitative surveys dominate and take precedence over the use of qualitative methodologies, only slightly developed until now. Yet the complexity of food and diet encourages the production of ethnographic studies to understand all dimensions involved. The approach taken in the framework of my thesis is both qualitative and quantitative. How can a Western female researcher, and French in particular, manage the contextual constraints of working in Dakar, an African city open to the world and symbolically charged by colonial history? Field work access is negotiated specifically by adopting the rules of greetings and self-presentation. Complicity in the kitchen creates the “in-common” and the presence of the translator makes for triangular discussions. Time management – that passes and goes on – taking into account local constraints, is necessary for the proper conduct of the survey.En Afrique, en matière d’alimentation, les grandes enquêtes quantitatives sont majoritaires et prennent le pas sur l’utilisation des méthodologies qualitatives, encore peu développées à ce jour. Pourtant la complexité de l’objet alimentation (Crenn C et Delavigne AE, 2010 ; Hayn, 2009 ; Hubert, 1991) incite à la réalisation d’études ethnographiques afin d’en saisir toutes les dimensions. La démarche adoptée dans le cadre de ma thèse est à la fois qualitative et quantitative. Comment une chercheuse occidentale, et française en particulier, apprivoise-t-elle les contraintes liées au contexte dakarois : ville africaine tournée vers le monde et chargé symboliquement par l’histoire coloniale ? L’accès au terrain se négocie notamment par l’adoption des règles de salutations et de présentation de soi. La complicité autour de la cuisine permet de créer de l’« en-commun » et la présence du traducteur facilite les discussions triangulaires. La gestion du temps – qui passe et qu’il fait – en tenant compte des contraintes locales est nécessaire au bon déroulement de l’enquête

L'amour, phénomène social : étude philosophico-sociologique d'un phénomène de la vie quotidienne /

Tiré à part de la Revue de l'institut de sociologie, 1978/1-

A hospitalização e o adoecimento pela perspectiva de crianças e jovens portadores de fibrose cística e osteogênese imperfeita The hospitalization and the process of becoming ill through the children's and adolescents' perspective with cystic fibrosis and osteogenesis imperfecta

O presente artigo visa discutir os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada em um hospital localizado no município do Rio de Janeiro, considerado referência em saúde da criança, do adolescente e da mulher. Analisamos os significados da hospitalização e do adoecimento crônico na infância e adolescência pela perspectiva de crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística e osteogênese imperfeita durante suas internações hospitalares com vistas a explorar suas vivências e suas possibilidades de expressão enquanto sujeitos de conhecimento. Para tanto, privilegiamos a observação e a construção de suas produções mediadas pelo suporte lúdico, utilizando o desenho e/ou história como relevantes vias de acesso aos conteúdos infanto-juvenis. Os dados advindos desse estudo apontam para a capacidade de aquisição e produção de conhecimento que crianças e jovens possuem acerca de sua situação de adoecimento.<br>The present article intends to discuss the results of a study completed in a hospital located in the municipal district of Rio de Janeiro, considered most prominent for child, adolescent and woman's health. We analyzed the meanings of hospitalization and chronic illness in childhood and adolescence through the perspective of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis and osteogenesis imperfecta during their hospitalizations in order to explore their experience and communicative possibilities as knowledgeable informants. Hence, we privileged the observation and the construction of their productions through games, using drawings and/or story-telling as a relevant approach to childhood and adolescence contents. The data collected signify the acquisition and knowledge production capacity of children and adolescents concerning their illness processes