Effects Of Phototherapy On Serum Calcium Level In Neonates With Hyperbilirubinemia

Objective: To study the frequency of hypocalcemia in neonates receiving phototherapy with indirect hyperbilirubinemia Materials and Methods: Descriptive case series study was conducted from September 5, 2018, to March 5, 2019, in the NICU of the Paediatric Department Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi. Approval was sought from the hospital’s ethical committee. Neonates fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study after obtaining informed consent from the parents. Before giving phototherapy, serum calcium levels were checked. Phototherapy was given for 48 hours. Serum calcium levels were reassessed after 48 hours of phototherapy. Data was entered on a structured proforma and statistical analysis of data was performed. Results: Out of 150 patients enrolled in the study 83(55.33%) were male and 67(44.67%) were female. The mean age of patients was 52.52 hours with minimum and maximum ages of 26 hours and 80 hours. The mean Indirect serum bilirubin level was 15.59 ± 2.36. A total of 50(33.33%) cases had hypocalcemia after 48 hours of phototherapy, all of these neonates had normal calcium levels before phototherapy. When hypocalcaemia was stratified for gestational age, birth weight and serum bilirubin levels at baseline, there was no significant difference in the frequency of hypocalcaemia concerning these effect modifiers. Conclusion: It is concluded that the frequency of hypocalcemia is higher in neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia after receiving phototherapy. One needs to be vigilant in dealing with neonates in this context, while serial measurements of calcium levels and monitoring for complications of hypocalcaemia should be included in every institution’s polic

Histological evaluation of wound healing by topical phenytoin application on extraction socket: an

Objective: To investigate the effects of topical phenytoin application on wound healing of extraction socket of albino Wistar rats. Materials and methods: Thirty-six albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into Group A (control), B (1% phenytoin mucoadhesive paste), and C (mucoadhesive paste without phenytoin). All animals were anesthetized followed by first molar extraction. Group A did not receive any agent, whereas, Group B and C received daily application of their respective pastes. Four animals from each group were sacrificed on day 7, 14, and 21 and analyzed histologically. Results: No significant difference was found in blood vessel count among the groups. Statistical increase in percentage of fibroblast in Group B was found as compared with other groups at day 7, whereas, no significant difference was found among groups at day 14. Day 21 showed significant decrease in percentage of fibroblasts in Group B (p-value < 0.001) as compared with Group A and C. Increase in percentage of bone trabeculae in Group B was observed on day 7, 14, and 21 with a significant difference (p-value < 0.05) as compared to Group A and C. Conclusion: Topical application of phenytoin promoted fibroblast proliferation and bone trabeculae formation during healing of extraction socket in rats