Survey of Mycotoxins in Wheat from Iran by HPLC Using Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup

Mycotoxins are small, toxic chemical products produced as secondary metabolites bya few fungal spices that readily colonise crops and contaminate them with toxins in the field or afterharvest. In this study a liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneousdetermination of aflatoxins (AFs) (B , B , G , and G ), ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone(ZEA)toxins in wheat. For this purpose, a total of wheat samples were analyzed. Mycotoxins wereextracted and purified from the samples using immunoaffinity (IAC) columns. and ofexamined wheat samples contained AFB and OTA. The method was based on the extraction ofAFs, OTA and ZEA finely ground wheat sample with methanol and acetonitrile solution,respectively. and of examined wheat samples contained AFB and OTA. LOD was, , , , and for AFB , AFB , AFG , AFG , OTA and ZEA,respectively.Considering these results, these special products should not be a health concern forthese collectives; however, special attention needs on foods distribution in retail shops

Spectrophotometric Study of Photo-electro-catalytic Degradation of 4- Nitrophenol on TiO2-MWCNT/Ti Electrode Using Multivariate Cure Resolution-Alternating Least Squares Method

In this study, TiO2-MWCNT nanoparticles were deposited on Ti electrode by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. Scanning electron microscopy method verified that TiO2-MWCNT were deposited on Ti homogeneously. The Modified electrode was employed as an anode for the degradation of 4-nitorohenol pollutant that monitored spectroscopically. The degradation process of this contaminant was investigated by photo-catalytic (PC), electro-chemical (EC) and photo-electro-catalytic (PEC) methods. The results revealed that PC process was highly slow and there was signal overlapping for the components involved in two other processes, a fact which prevents extracting the kinetic profile of 4-nitrophenol. To overcome this problem, it was proposed to use multivariate cure resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) method for data analysis. Finally, the pure kinetic and spectral profiles of components were obtained using MCR-ALS method and the efficiencies of the applied degradation methods are ranked as follows: PEC>EC>PC

Preliminary Survey of Aflatoxins in Mashhad’s Roasted Red Skin Peanut Kernels during February to May 2016

Introduction: Aflatoxins (AFs) are a group of mycotoxins created as metabolic items for the most part by three types of Aspergillus including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus and the uncommon Aspergillus nomius. Eighteen aflatoxins have been identified up to now, but only six of them have been found in food and feed. Methods: The occurrence of aflatoxins in 32 samples of roasted red skin peanut was determined using HPLC with a Chromolith column. All samples were purchased from retail shops and local markets in Mashhad city. The method was based on the extraction of samples and aflatoxins determination after post-column derivatization by Kobra Cell and fluorescence detection at excitation and emission wavelengths of 365 and 435 nm, respectively. Results: Mean levels of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 and total aflatoxins were found to be 57.17, 2.56, 12.51, 1.42 and 85.16 ng g-1, respectively. Aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) was detected in 12 samples (37.5%) with a mean value of 57.17 ± 90.32 ng g-1 and a maximum level of 243.61 ng g-1. AFB1 levels exceeded Iran maximum tolerate limit (5 ng/g) in 7 out of 32 peanut samples. 21.8% of these peanut samples exceeded the maximum tolerate limit set for total aflatoxins by codex and Iran (15 ng g-1). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, more effort is needed to control aflatoxin levels in Mashhad’s peanut. This survey provides valuable information on aflatoxin contamination in peanut products marketed in Iran as well.&nbsp

Ochratoxin Determination in Food Samples by Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction Coupled with High- Performance Liquid Chromatography Technique

Abstract The sample preparation step is very useful in results precision and accuracy. Achievement to a quickly performed, inexpensive, sensitive, and accurate analytical approach for measuring extremely small amounts of a dangerous compound such as mycotoxin, in addition to environmental issues, is always required and important. In this paper, fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE), a novel sorbent-based microextraction method, was used for the first time to obtain a basic and quick ochratoxin A extraction from cereals and legumes. To achieve maximum efficiency, key experimental factors in FPSE process were optimized. At the extraction stage, volume and type of solvent, time of extraction and salt effect, and in the desorption step, volume and pH of back-extraction solvent and time of desorption were evaluated. Extracted ochratoxin A was analyzed by HPLC-FLD method. The chromatographic separation was performed using mobile phase H2O: ACN: acetic acid (49:49:2, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min on C18 column with fluorescence detection (λex = 333 nm and λem = 447 nm). Limit of detection was found to be 0.49 ng/mL, whereas absolute acceptable recoveries (76.34-112.96%) with low relative standard deviations within day and between-day precision were (≤ 9.2% and ≤ 11.0, respectively) achieved.</jats:p