Methodology to map spatial variability of available nutrients in area of intensively growing potato (Solanum tuberosum) using remote sensing and GIS

A methodology is developed for mapping spatial variability of available nutrients of soils of a pocket growing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop using GIS. For this purpose potato growing pockets of the Jalandhar district were demarcated based on the available information, ground truth and classification of the IRS P6 AWiFS image. The classified potato area in the image was taken as background to generate the sampling site map and representative soil samples of potato fields from these sites were collected along with geographical coordinates using GPS receiver(ETREX-VISTA, Garmin). Values of different parameters (like pH, OC, available P and K and micronutrients) were tagged with corresponding points and interpolation maps for each individual parameters were prepared using suitable semivariogram and kriging in remote sensing GIS software. These prepared maps were further classified giving suitable ranges of different soil parameters

Breeding tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop cultivated in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Low productivity in India is due to occurrence of both biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, tomato leaf curl disease, bacterial wilt, early blight and Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus disease have become serious production constraints causing considerable yield loss in the major tomato growing areas of the country. Adoption of multiple disease resistant varieties or F1 hybrids would be the most appropriate way to address these diseases. At ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru systematic breeding strategies were employed to pyramid genes for resistance to early blight, bacterial wilt and tomato leaf curl diseases and to develop advanced breeding lines& F1 hybrids with triple disease resistance. Stable source of resistance to early blight and bi-partite begomo-virus (Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus) has been identified in Solanum habrochaites LA-1777. Validation with molecular markers linked to tomato leaf curl virus resistance revealed that LA-1777 carryTy2 and other putative resistant genes. Several high yielding dual purpose hybrids were also developed for fresh market and processing with high level of resistance to multiple diseases. Cherry tomato lines have also been bred for high TSS, total carotenoids, total phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, acidity and lycopene content. IIHR-249-1, IIHR-2101 (Solanum habrochaites LA-1777), IIHR- 2866 and IIHR-2864 recorded high values for quality parameters like total carotenoids, lycopene, vitamin C, total phenols, flavonoids and TSS. Drought tolerant root stock has been developed by an interspecific cross between S. habrochaites LA-1777 and S. lycopersicum (15 SB SB). Resistant sources have also been identified against Tuta absoluta, a serious insect pest reported from major tomato growing areas in the country in recent time. High temperature tolerant breeding lines are in pipe line

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Not AvailableA study on spatial variability in available soil nutrient i.e organic carbon (OC), available P, K and DTPA extractable micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn & Fe) was carried out during 2011-2012. About 110 geo referenced surface soil samples were collected from potato growing area of Deesa tehsil of Banaskantha district (Gujarat state) using GPS (Global positioning system). The maps showing the spatial variability of major and micronutrients were generated using GIS software (Arc GIS-9.3). The organic carbon (OC) ranged from 0.18 to 0.80 % with mean value 0.38 % reflected poor N fertility of these soils. About 30% samples rated high (>103 kg P2O5 / ha), 52% medium (51-103 kg P2O5 / ha) samples and 18 % low in available phosphorus (>51 kg P2O5 / ha) for potato cultivation. While 77 % samples were rated low (407 kg K2O / ha) in available K. With respect to micro-nutrients 40, 32 and 7 % soil samples were found deficient in zinc, iron and Cu, respectively. The corresponding values for different nutrients/parameters like OC, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and pH were linked with the respective sampling points and interpolation maps for each nutrient was generated in GIS using IDW technique. The map on spatial variability of OC showed that 95.0 and 5.0 per cent area was in the range of 0.10-0.50% and >0.50% respectively. About 65.10 % area was medium in available phosphorus and 27.30 % area was high in phosphorus whereas, 91.34% area was deficient in available K. Similarly 34.0, 29.8 and 3.3 % area was classified as deficient in Zn, Fe and Cu, respectively. These spatial variability maps clearly showed the specific locales of the pockets where attention is required with respect to management of major and micronutrients.Not AvailableICAR-CAZRI, Jodhpu

Socio-Economic Importance of Cucurbitaceous Vegetables in Hot Arid Zones of India.

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