CyClOSPOriaSiS iN NEPal

Abstract. Nepal is one of the most highly endemic areas for cyclosporiasis in the world. Initial studies of the parasitosis in Nepal were among expatriates and tourists in the country. The present report, however, is a review of studies carried out since 1995 on the epidemiology of Cyclospora cayetanensis and infection in the Nepali populations. The parasitosis was found to occur mostly in children 2-11 years of age. Stools from several thousands of patients with diarrhea were examined, and approximately 6-30% were positive for oocysts of the parasite. The majority of patients were seen during the rainy season. Stool specimens from animals were examined, and oocysts were recovered from six chickens, two monkeys, three dogs, and five rats. PCR/RFLP analysis of oocysts from one monkey, one dog, and 2 chickens were positive for Cyclospora sp. Oocysts of Cyclospora were also found in sewage, a pond and two irrigation canals, and the washwater of cabbage, lettuce, mustard leaves, and basil. Basil may be an important source of infection since it is often eaten raw

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from Nepal Producing Two Novel Antibiotic Inactivating Enzymes, a Class A β-Lactamase KBL-1 and an Aminoglycoside 6′- <i>N</i> -Acetyltransferase AAC(6′)-Iap

The emergence of drug-resistant S. maltophilia has become a serious problem in medical settings worldwide. The present study demonstrated that drug-resistant S. maltophilia strains in Nepal harbored novel genes encoding a class A β-lactamase, KBL-1, or a 6′-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase, AAC(6′)-Iap. </jats:p

Highly multidrug-resistant Morganella morganii clinical isolates from Nepal co-producing NDM-type metallo-β-lactamases and the 16S rRNA methylase ArmA

Morganella morganiican harbour extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases, resulting in increased resistance to multiple antibiotics and a high mortality rate. This study describes the emergence of highly multidrug-resistant clinical isolates ofM. morganiifrom Nepal co-producing NDM-type metallo-β-lactamases, including NDM-1 and NDM-5, and the 16S rRNA methylase ArmA. This is the first report ofM. morganiiclinical isolates from Nepal co-producing NDM-1/-5 and ArmA. It is important to establish infection control systems and effective treatments against multidrug-resistantM. morganii.</jats:p