Religious significance of suffering and psychological position in faith

Estuda-se o vínculo psicológico entre a experiência existencial do sofrimento e a posição do sujeito em relação à fé religiosa. A investigação foi realizada com 80 enfermeiros, de ambos os sexos, com várias modalidades de adesão ao cristianismo. A hipótese foi a de que essas pessoas são obrigadas a estruturar para si mesmas uma atitude mais ou menos estável, consciente ou refletida, em relação ao sofrimento. Foi construído um questionário com uma pergunta acerca do sofrimento, (dimensões, apreensão psicológica, sentido), uma pergunta acerca da posição religiosa (central ou periférica, segura ou hesitante) e uma pergunta acerca da atribuição de conotações religiosas ao sofrimento. Os resultados não permitem enunciar uma teoria unívoca da relação entre religião e sofrimento, mas a existência de configurações singulares mais ou menos estáveis e evolutivas, segundo a orientação básica da atitude religiosa, o contexto meramente humano do sofrimento e a contextualização religiosa do sofrimento.The psychological bond between the existencial experience of suffering and the position of the subject in relation to religious faith are studied. The investigation comprised 80 nurses, from both sexes, with various degrees of adherence to Christianism. The hypothesis was that these persons are impelled to structure for themselves a more or less stable, conscious or reflected attitude towards suffering. A questionnaire was elaborated including a question concerning suffering (dimensions, psychological aprehension, meaning), a question about the religious position (central or peripheric, certain or hesitant) and a question concerning the atribution of religious conotations to suffering. Results do not allow one to enunciate a homogeneous theory on the relation between religion and suffering, but the existence of singular configurations more or less stable and evolving, according to the religious attitude basic orientation, the merely human context of suffering and the religious contextualization of suffering

Religious significance of suffering and psychological position in faith

The psychological bond between the existencial experience of suffering and the position of the subject in relation to religious faith are studied. The investigation comprised 80 nurses, from both sexes, with various degrees of adherence to Christianism. The hypothesis was that these persons are impelled to structure for themselves a more or less stable, conscious or reflected attitude towards suffering. A questionnaire was elaborated including a question concerning suffering (dimensions, psychological aprehension, meaning), a question about the religious position (central or peripheric, certain or hesitant) and a question concerning the atribution of religious conotations to suffering. Results do not allow one to enunciate a homogeneous theory on the relation between religion and suffering, but the existence of singular configurations more or less stable and evolving, according to the religious attitude basic orientation, the merely human context of suffering and the religious contextualization of suffering.Estuda-se o vínculo psicológico entre a experiência existencial do sofrimento e a posição do sujeito em relação à fé religiosa. A investigação foi realizada com 80 enfermeiros, de ambos os sexos, com várias modalidades de adesão ao cristianismo. A hipótese foi a de que essas pessoas são obrigadas a estruturar para si mesmas uma atitude mais ou menos estável, consciente ou refletida, em relação ao sofrimento. Foi construído um questionário com uma pergunta acerca do sofrimento, (dimensões, apreensão psicológica, sentido), uma pergunta acerca da posição religiosa (central ou periférica, segura ou hesitante) e uma pergunta acerca da atribuição de conotações religiosas ao sofrimento. Os resultados não permitem enunciar uma teoria unívoca da relação entre religião e sofrimento, mas a existência de configurações singulares mais ou menos estáveis e evolutivas, segundo a orientação básica da atitude religiosa, o contexto meramente humano do sofrimento e a contextualização religiosa do sofrimento

EClinicalMedicine

BACKGROUND: As mortality remains high for patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD) despite new treatment options, the ability to level up the provided supportive care and to predict the risk of death is of major importance. This analysis of the EVISTA cohort aims to describe advanced supportive care provided to EVD patients in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and to develop a simple risk score for predicting in-hospital death, called PREDS. METHODS: In this prospective cohort (NCT04815175), patients were recruited during the 10(th) EVD outbreak in the DRC across three Ebola Treatment Centers (ETCs). Demographic, clinical, biological, virological and treatment data were collected. We evaluated factors known to affect the risk of in-hospital death and applied univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards analyses to derive the risk score in a training dataset. We validated the score in an internal-validation dataset, applying C-statistics as a measure of discrimination. FINDINGS: Between August 1(st) 2018 and December 31(th) 2019, 711 patients were enrolled in the study. Regarding supportive care, patients received vasopressive drug (n = 111), blood transfusion (n = 101), oxygen therapy (n = 250) and cardio-pulmonary ultrasound (n = 15). Overall, 323 (45%) patients died before day 28. Six independent prognostic factors were identified (ALT, creatinine, modified NEWS2 score, viral load, age and symptom duration). The final score range from 0 to 13 points, with a good concordance (C = 86.24%) and calibration with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (p = 0.12). INTERPRETATION: The implementation of advanced supportive care is possible for EVD patients in emergency settings. PREDS is a simple, accurate tool that could help in orienting early advanced care for at-risk patients after external validation. FUNDING: This study was funded by ALIMA

Clinical presentation, outcomes and factors associated with mortality: A prospective study from three COVID-19 referral care centres in West Africa

OBJECTIVES: The overall death toll from COVID-19 in Africa is reported to be low but there is little individual-level evidence on the severity of the disease. This study examined the clinical spectrum and outcome of patients monitored in COVID-19 care centres (CCCs) in two West-African countries. METHODS: Burkina Faso and Guinea set up referral CCCs to hospitalise all symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers, regardless of the severity of their symptoms. Data collected from hospitalised patients by November 2020 are presented. RESULT: A total of 1,805 patients (64% men, median age 41 years) were admitted with COVID-19. Symptoms lasted for a median of 7 days (IQR 4-11). During hospitalisation, 443 (25%) had a SpO2 < 94% at least once, 237 (13%) received oxygen and 266 (15%) took corticosteroids. Mortality was 5% overall, and 1%, 5% and 14% in patients aged <40, 40-59 and ≥60 years, respectively. In multivariable analysis, the risk of death was higher in men (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1; 3.6), people aged ≥60 years (aOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.7; 4.8) and those with chronic hypertension (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2; 3.4). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 is as severe in Africa as elsewhere, and there must be more vigilance for common risk factors such as older age and hypertension

A. Godin, Psychologie des expériences religieuses. Le désir et la réalité, 1981

Jaspard Jean-Marie. A. Godin, Psychologie des expériences religieuses. Le désir et la réalité, 1981. In: Revue théologique de Louvain, 13ᵉ année, fasc. 2, 1982. pp. 229-231

Signification psychologique d'une lecture «fondamentaliste» de la Bible

This article warns against the mass use of the label «fundamentalist» and outlines the psychological profile of the religious trend towards fundamentalism. The interpretation of the Bible by the believer and the non-believer can go from a literal position («fundamentalist») to an open position («symbolic» understanding). A psychological analysis of the different attitudes brings to light several parameters, such as the need to base one's faith on historically recognized realities and on a logic of relationship and conventions as much as on a logic of reason. Access to symbolic understanding depends on a cultural and religious environment which stimulates autonomy ; maintaining a «fundamentalist» position is a resuit of Personal factors, education and the social group.L'article met en garde contre l'attribution massive de l'étiquette «fondamentaliste» et esquisse le profil psychologique de la tendance religieuse au fondamentalisme. L'interprétation de la Bible par le croyant et le non-croyant peut aller de la position littérale («fondamentaliste») à la position ouverte (compréhension «symbolique»). L'analyse psychologique de ces diverses attitudes met en évidence plusieurs paramètres, comme le besoin d'appuyer sa foi sur des réalités reconnues historiquement et sur une logique relationnelle et conventionnelle, autant que rationnelle. L'accès à la compréhension symbolique dépend d'un environnement culturel et religieux stimulant l'autonomie ; le maintien d'une position «fondamentaliste» relève de facteurs personnels, de l'éducation et du groupe social.Jaspard Jean-Marie. Signification psychologique d'une lecture «fondamentaliste» de la Bible. In: Revue théologique de Louvain, 37ᵉ année, fasc. 2, 2006. pp. 200-216

Antoon Vergote, Psychoanalysis, Phenomenological Anthropology and Religion. Edited by Jozef Corveleyn & Dirk Hutsebaut , 1998

Jaspard Jean-Marie. Antoon Vergote, Psychoanalysis, Phenomenological Anthropology and Religion. Edited by Jozef Corveleyn & Dirk Hutsebaut , 1998. In: Revue théologique de Louvain, 30ᵉ année, fasc. 4, 1999. pp. 549-550

Mahjoub Abdelwahab, Approche psychosociale des traumatismes de guerre chez les enfants et adolescents palestiniens. 1995

Jaspard Jean-Marie. Mahjoub Abdelwahab, Approche psychosociale des traumatismes de guerre chez les enfants et adolescents palestiniens. 1995. In: Revue théologique de Louvain, 27ᵉ année, fasc. 4, 1996. pp. 504-505

Laurent Lemoine, Psychanalyse et relation pastorale. Études de théologie morale autour du frère Albert Plé, o. p., de 1950 à 1980 (coll. Recherches morales), 2010

Jaspard Jean-Marie. Laurent Lemoine, Psychanalyse et relation pastorale. Études de théologie morale autour du frère Albert Plé, o. p., de 1950 à 1980 (coll. Recherches morales), 2010. In: Revue théologique de Louvain, 42ᵉ année, fasc. 1, 2011. pp. 126-128

Jacques Arènes, Croire au temps du Dieu fragile. Psychanalyse du deuil de Dieu (coll. Sciences humaines et religions), 2012

Jaspard Jean-Marie. Jacques Arènes, Croire au temps du Dieu fragile. Psychanalyse du deuil de Dieu (coll. Sciences humaines et religions), 2012. In: Revue théologique de Louvain, 43ᵉ année, fasc. 4, 2012. pp. 606-608