Characterization, quantification, and replication of human sinus bone for surgery simulation phantoms

The requirement for artificial but realistic, tactile, anatomical models for surgical practice in medical simulation is increasingly evident and shows potential for greater efficiency and availability, and lower costs. Anatomically correct, detailed models with the physical surgical characteristics of real tissue, combined with the ability to reproduce one-off cases, would provide an invaluable tool in the development of surgery. This research work investigates the capture of geometrical and physical data from the human sinus to subsequently direct the production and optimization of such simulation phantoms. Micro-computed tomography analysis of the entire sinus was performed to characterize the sinus complex geometry. Following an extensive review, specialized mechanical testing apparatus and methods relevant to the surgical methods employed were designed and produced. This provided comparative analysis methods for both biological and artificial phantom materials and allowed the optimization of phantom materials with respect to the derived target values

Application of rapid manufacturing techniques in support of maxillofacial treatment: evidence of the requirements of clinical applications

The concept of applying rapid manufacturing technology to maxillofacial treatment has been described previously; however, these reports did not take into account the practicality of its actual incorporation into clinical practice. Patents in the field are based on imaging techniques combined with rapid manufacturing, which theoretically lead to reconstruction of faces. Some cases studies reported have dealt with the manufacture of prostheses on the laboratory scale. Here two case studies are reported that used imaging and rapid manufacturing techniques for making an ear prosthesis and a burns mask for two patients. Laser scanning was chosen for imaging and Thermojet printing and fused deposition modelling for rapid manufacturing. Outcomes of the study were threefold: improvement in the process, improvement in patient care, and clinical application of existing technology to healthcare. With further research this technology may aid maxillofacial prosthetists in busy facial clinics, reduce patient clinic time, and improve the final product