Cellular Automata in Cryptographic Random Generators

Cryptographic schemes using one-dimensional, three-neighbor cellular automata as a primitive have been put forth since at least 1985. Early results showed good statistical pseudorandomness, and the simplicity of their construction made them a natural candidate for use in cryptographic applications. Since those early days of cellular automata, research in the field of cryptography has developed a set of tools which allow designers to prove a particular scheme to be as hard as solving an instance of a well-studied problem, suggesting a level of security for the scheme. However, little or no literature is available on whether these cellular automata can be proved secure under even generous assumptions. In fact, much of the literature falls short of providing complete, testable schemes to allow such an analysis. In this thesis, we first examine the suitability of cellular automata as a primitive for building cryptographic primitives. In this report, we focus on pseudorandom bit generation and noninvertibility, the behavioral heart of cryptography. In particular, we focus on cyclic linear and non-linear automata in some of the common configurations to be found in the literature. We examine known attacks against these constructions and, in some cases, improve the results. Finding little evidence of provable security, we then examine whether the desirable properties of cellular automata (i.e. highly parallel, simple construction) can be maintained as the automata are enhanced to provide a foundation for such proofs. This investigation leads us to a new construction of a finite state cellular automaton (FSCA) which is NP-Hard to invert. Finally, we introduce the Chasm pseudorandom generator family built on this construction and provide some initial experimental results using the NIST test suite

Ecosystem effects of ocean acidification

I am investigating areas of the seabed that are already acidified by carbon dioxide, so that we can see which organisms thrive and which are most vulnerable. To do this I am investigating underwater volcanoes where carbon dioxide bubbles up like a Jacuzzi, acidifying large areas of the seabed for 100s of years. The natural gradients of carbon dioxide are like a time machine, showing which organisms can survive and what coastal habitats might look like in the coming years. But a major criticism has been that all my work was focused on one volcanic vent site off Ischia Island near Vesuvius; so how is this relevant to the people who grow shellfish in the NE Atlantic or those that show tourists the Great Barrier Reef? For the past year my group has been repeating the Ischia experiments at other volcanic vents in Europe, Baja California and Papua New Guinea. What concerns me most is that as the carbon dioxide levels increase to those we expect to see in our life-times this causes a dramatic loss of marine biodiversity, both in temperate and in tropical systems. Key groups, like sea urchins and coralline algae, cannot survive as the water becomes corrosive, and fish avoid the high carbon dioxide areas when they lay their eggs. Some organisms are able to adapt to the effects of long-term acidification – some can calcify even faster at high carbon dioxide levels - but the vents mainly benefit non-calcified organisms. Invasive species of algae and stinging jellyfish do especially well. Some species have an outer layer of protective tissue that allows them to tolerate acidified seawater, such as Porites corals in the tropics and Mytilus mussels in temperate areas. But these carbon dioxide tolerant organisms can only survive if they are not stressed by other factors. We have found that the combination of acidification and rising temperatures kills-off corals and shellfish and that increasing carbon dioxide reduces biodiversity across-the-board, from simple organisms (such as bacteria and microalgae), to flora (like seaweeds and seagrasses), and fauna (such as corals and molluscs). I hope that information from these naturally acidified areas will be used to strengthen marine conservation efforts, as unstressed systems are more resilient than stressed ones.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Impact of Leadership Decisions on Police Officer Well-Being: A COVID-19 Response

The purpose of this qualitative dissertation research project is to determine the impact that law enforcement leaders, their leadership styles, and decision-making processes have on the well-being of police officers. This study sought to understand this impact by focusing on the perspectives of frontline police officers, detectives, and first-line supervisors from various law enforcement organizations in the Central Virginia Region and within the context of leadership decisions made in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the constructivist grounded theory approach to research design, 12 participants responded to an initial qualitative questionnaire, followed by a semi-structured interview to gain the rich, detailed data necessary to answer the research questions. Through the constant comparative analysis of the data, the key themes of unprecedented, job to do, family impact, negative impact, and positive impact emerged. These themes were synthesized to form an emerging theory explaining the research questions. This theory suggests that the processes law enforcement leaders use to make decisions impact police officer well-being, specifically in long-term, uncertain incidents like the global coronavirus pandemic. The study has implications for academic researchers and practitioners concerned with leadership in law enforcement organizations and police officer well-being. Future research recommendations are included in this study. Additionally, this research discusses recommendations for law enforcement leaders for future long-term, uncertain incidents like COVID-19

Global existence for a coupled wave system related to the Strauss conjecture

A coupled system of semilinear wave equations is considered, and a small data global existence result related to the Strauss conjecture is proved. Previous results have shown that one of the powers may be reduced below the critical power for the Strauss conjecture provided the other power sufficiently exceeds such. The stability of such results under asymptotically flat perturbations of the space-time where an integrated local energy decay estimate is available is established.Comment: 12 page

Letter from the Editors

[Excerpt] The Editorial Team is proud to release this 2016 14th Annual Volume of the Cornell Real Estate Review. This year’s issue explores a wide range of topics, including the deployment of new technologies in multifamily properties, the effects of autonomous vehicles on real estate, and the continued ramifications of the housing crisis through the legal tactics of certain mortgage lenders. Also included, a recent repositioning project– the unique turnaround of a former casino hotel property in Reno, Nevada. Furthermore, this release includes a discussion of value-added multifamily investment strategy, an analysis of the impact of rapid transit on the residential market in Hudson County, New Jersey, and a summary of federal affordable housing incentive programs in the United States. This year’s Pathways features an interview with Toll Brothers Division President Karl Mistry (Baker ’04), and the Baker Viewpoint piece explores the concept of curtailment mortgages

Metamorphic, Autonomous Symmetries

Unified signed models have led to many intuitive advances, including courseware and lambda calculus. In fact, few developers would disagree with the construction of the UNIVAC computer, which embodies the unfortunate principles of cryptoanalysis. We examine how DHCP can be applied to the evaluation of vacuum tubes

Generating Software for Well-Understood Domains

Current software development is often quite code-centric and aimed at short-term deliverables, due to various contextual forces (such as the need for new revenue streams from many individual buyers). We're interested in software where different forces drive the development. \textbf{Well understood domains} and \textbf{long-lived software} provide one such context. A crucial observation is that software artifacts that are currently handwritten contain considerable duplication. By using domain-specific languages and generative techniques, we can capture the contents of many of the artifacts of such software. Assuming an appropriate codification of domain knowledge, we find that the resulting de-duplicated sources are shorter and closer to the domain. Our prototype, Drasil, indicates improvements to traceability and change management. We're also hopeful that this could lead to long-term productivity improvements for software where these forces are at play.Comment: 12 pages, paper accepted at EVCS 202

Chapter Threats to Ultraoligotrophic Marine Ecosystems

Applied optic

Examining Mattering, Spiritual Mattering, and First-Year Retention at a Private, Religiously-Affiliated Institution of Higher Education

The primary purpose of this project was to explore how Schlossberg’s (1989) theory of college student’s mattering relates to college student retention in the context of a Christian institution of higher education. In addition, the authors created and tested a “spiritual mattering” measure based on Schlossberg’s theory. Mattering is a self-perception that refers to how important we believe we are to others. Schlossberg (1989) inserted this concept into the realm of higher education when she examined mattering and adult students returning to college. The purpose of the study was accomplished through the following three research objectives: a) Determining whether “institutional” mattering predicts fall-to-fall semester persistence of first-year students at a religiously-affiliated campus; b) Constructing a spiritual mattering measure and assessing its psychometric properties; and c) Determining whether spiritual mattering predicts fall-to-fall semester persistence of first-year students at a Christian institution of higher education. The results of the study supported the hypothesis that higher scores for both spiritual mattering and university mattering were significantly related to higher retention rates at an institution of higher education