Composición y parámetros de calidad de aceites de oliva vírgenes producidos en el norte de la región Adriática. República de Croacia

Istria and Island Krk are located in the Northern Adriatic region, Republic of Croatia. The majority of oils produced on the islands of this Region correspond to extra virgin classification as a consequence of olive cultivars (Debela, Naska, Rosulja, Slatka, Buza, Carbonera, Bianchera, Leccino). The characterisation of these oils is little known. The objective of this work was the characterisation of virgin olive oils during the 1997/98, 1998/99 and six months of 1999/2000 harvest. Acidity, peroxide value and UV absorption constants were determined for all samples. Fatty acid composition, sterol and aliphatic alcohol contents, saturated fatty acids in the 2-position of the triglyceride and trilinolein content were determined for the virgin olive oils during 1997/98 harvest. The chemical analyses were supported by the determination of polyphenol content expressed as caffeic acid, squalene and α-tocopherol content.Istria y la isla Krk están localizadas en el norte de la región Adriática, República de Croacia. La mayoría de los aceites producidos en las islas de esta región corresponden a la clasificación extra virgen de las variedades (Debela, Naska, Rosulja, Slatka, Buza, Carbonera, Bianchera, Leccino). La caracterización de estos aceites es poco conocida. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la caracterización de los aceites de oliva vírgenes durante las campañas 1997/98, 1998/99 y seis meses de 1999/2000. Para todas las muestras se determinó la acidez, el índice de peróxido y las constantes de absorción en el UV. Para los aceites de oliva vírgenes durante la campaña 1997/98 se determinaron la composición en ácidos grasos, los contenidos en esteroles y alcoholes alifáticos, los ácidos grasos saturados en posición 2 de los triglicéridos y el contenido en trilinoleína. Los análisis químicos se completaron con la determinación del contenido en polifenoles expresado como ácido cafeico, y la determinación de escualeno y α-tocoferol

Plant lectins in cancer prevention and treatment

Biljni lektini su specifični glikoproteini koji su široko rasprostranjeni u različitim biljnim vrstama. Sudjeluju u mnogim fiziološkim procesima gdje moduliraju imunološki odgovor. Velik interes za ovu skupinu proteina javio se zbog njihove sposobnosti da utječu na protutumorsku aktivnost putem stanične adhezije, stanične proliferacije i indukcije apoptoze. No još su uvijek nerazjašnjena neka pitanja koja se odnose na molekularni mehanizam / metaboličke puteve i biološke učinke lektina. Novi izazovi u istraživanju lektina odnose se na njihovu primjenu u nanotehnologiji te razvoju glikoproteomike. Glikoproteomika je jedan od moćnih alata u karakterizaciji lektina, a u bliskoj budućnosti i neizostavni alat u razvoju lijekova koji se temelje na lektinima. Ovaj pregledni rad ukratko upisuje izvore, strukturu i primjenu biljnih lektina, povezujući njihove složene mehanizme djelovanja u apoptozi i autofagiji. Opisana je primjena lektina u terapiji raka.Plant lectins are specific carbohydrate-binding proteins that are widely distributed in various plant species. They participate in many physiological processes and are capable of modulating the immune response. Recently, greater attention has been drawn to their remarkable anticancer properties. Lectins are associated with cell adhesion, cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. However, some of the questions related to the molecular mechanism / metabolic pathways and biological effects of lectins are still open. New challenges in the research of lectins are related to their application in nanotechnology and development of glycoproteomics. In addition, glycoproteomics is a powerful tool in the characterization of lectins and will be indispensable for development of lectin based drugs in the near future. This review provides a brief outline of the up-to-date advances in the field of plant lectins, focusing on their complex mechanisms implicated in apoptosis and autophagy. The current applications in cancer treatment are also described

Plant lectins in cancer prevention and treatment

Biljni lektini su specifični glikoproteini koji su široko rasprostranjeni u različitim biljnim vrstama. Sudjeluju u mnogim fiziološkim procesima gdje moduliraju imunološki odgovor. Velik interes za ovu skupinu proteina javio se zbog njihove sposobnosti da utječu na protutumorsku aktivnost putem stanične adhezije, stanične proliferacije i indukcije apoptoze. No još su uvijek nerazjašnjena neka pitanja koja se odnose na molekularni mehanizam / metaboličke puteve i biološke učinke lektina. Novi izazovi u istraživanju lektina odnose se na njihovu primjenu u nanotehnologiji te razvoju glikoproteomike. Glikoproteomika je jedan od moćnih alata u karakterizaciji lektina, a u bliskoj budućnosti i neizostavni alat u razvoju lijekova koji se temelje na lektinima. Ovaj pregledni rad ukratko upisuje izvore, strukturu i primjenu biljnih lektina, povezujući njihove složene mehanizme djelovanja u apoptozi i autofagiji. Opisana je primjena lektina u terapiji raka.Plant lectins are specific carbohydrate-binding proteins that are widely distributed in various plant species. They participate in many physiological processes and are capable of modulating the immune response. Recently, greater attention has been drawn to their remarkable anticancer properties. Lectins are associated with cell adhesion, cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. However, some of the questions related to the molecular mechanism / metabolic pathways and biological effects of lectins are still open. New challenges in the research of lectins are related to their application in nanotechnology and development of glycoproteomics. In addition, glycoproteomics is a powerful tool in the characterization of lectins and will be indispensable for development of lectin based drugs in the near future. This review provides a brief outline of the up-to-date advances in the field of plant lectins, focusing on their complex mechanisms implicated in apoptosis and autophagy. The current applications in cancer treatment are also described

Biljni lektini u prevenciji i liječenju raka

Plant lectins are specific carbohydrate-binding proteins that are widely distributed in various plant species. They participate in many physiological processes and are capable of modulating the immune response. Recently, greater attention has been drawn to their remarkable anticancer properties. Lectins are associated with cell adhesion, cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. However, some of the questions related to the molecular mechanism / metabolic pathways and biological effects of lectins are still open. New challenges in the research of lectins are related to their application in nanotechnology and development of glycoproteomics. In addition, glycoproteomics is a powerful tool in the characterization of lectins and will be indispensable for development of lectin based drugs in the near future. This review provides a brief outline of the up-to-date advances in the field of plant lectins, focusing on their complex mechanisms implicated in apoptosis and autophagy. The current applications in cancer treatment are also described.Biljni lektini su specifični glikoproteini koji su široko rasprostranjeni u različitim biljnim vrstama. Sudjeluju u mnogim fiziološkim procesima gdje moduliraju imunološki odgovor. Velik interes za ovu skupinu proteina javio se zbog njihove sposobnosti da utječu na protutumorsku aktivnost putem stanične adhezije, stanične proliferacije i indukcije apoptoze. No još su uvijek nerazjašnjena neka pitanja koja se odnose na molekularni mehanizam / metaboličke puteve i biološke učinke lektina. Novi izazovi u istraživanju lektina odnose se na njihovu primjenu u nanotehnologiji te razvoju glikoproteomike. Glikoproteomika je jedan od moćnih alata u karakterizaciji lektina, a u bliskoj budućnosti i neizostavni alat u razvoju lijekova koji se temelje na lektinima. Ovaj pregledni rad ukratko upisuje izvore, strukturu i primjenu biljnih lektina, povezujući njihove složene mehanizme djelovanja u apoptozi i autofagiji. Opisana je primjena lektina u terapiji raka

Maslinovo ulje u prevenciji bolesti srca i krvnih žila: u prirodi je spas

U ovom radu opisan je sastav maslinova ulja te njegov učinak na krvožilni sustav i bolesti krvozilnog sustava

Maslinovo ulje u prevenciji bolesti srca i krvnih žila: u prirodi je spas

U ovom radu opisan je sastav maslinova ulja te njegov učinak na krvožilni sustav i bolesti krvozilnog sustava

Characterisation of Monovarietal Olive Oils Obtained from Croatian cvs. Drobnica and Buza during the Ripening Period

The aim of this study was the monitoring of the chemical composition of olive oil at different ripening stages to determine the appropriate harvesting time during any given crop season in the northern Adriatic region. For this purpose, from September to November, two Croatian olive cultivars (Drobnica and Buza) were taken from two different olive orchards and for the respective olive oils, prepared on a laboratory scale, the major saponifiable, unsaponifiable and phenolic compounds were determined. Based on the chemical analyses performed, the optimal harvesting time has been set in October for both cultivars. Buza had a higher oleic acid, but lower total sterols, squalene and total alkanols. Compared to the local cultivars, the studied cultivars had a high total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity and concentrations of total phenols correlated with α-tocopherol in oil samples taken during the ripening progress. Finally, trace minerals detected in Buza and Drobnica oil differed, which can be an indicator of oxidative stability and authenticity of oils

Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) of Major Polyphenols from Olive Leaves (Olea europaea L.) Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of oleuropein (OLE), verbascoside (VER),and luteolin-4′-O-glucoside (L4OG), as the major phenolics from olive leaves, was optimized usingresponse surface methodology (RSM). A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to monitor theeffect of different modes of ultrasound operation (pulsed and continuous), liquid–solid (L–S) ratio,and sonication time on each phenolic yield. The yield of UAE and conventional solid extraction (CSE)was determined after performing ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-arraydetector (UHPLC-DAD) analysis on the extracts. The results suggested that, under optimal conditions,the concentrations of OLE, VER, and L4OG were 13.386, 0.363, and 0.527 mg/g of dry powdered oliveleaves (DPOL), respectively. Verification of experiments was carried out under the modified optimalconditions and the relative errors between the predicted and experimental values were dependenton the examined phenolic compound (OLE 8.63%, VER 11.3%, and L4OG 22.48%). In comparisonwith CSE, UAE improved the yields of OLE, VER, and L4OG (32.6%, 41.8%, and 47.5%, respectively,after 1 min) at a temperature of 60◦C, an L–S ratio of 15 (v/w), and in the continuous mode of UAE.We demonstrated that the UAE technique is an efficient method for enhancing yields of OLE, VER,and L4OG in olive-leaf extracts, while the chosen model was adequate to optimize the extraction ofmajor phenolic compounds from olive leaves

Antiobesity Effects of Anthocyanins in Preclinical and Clinical Studies

The natural phytochemicals present in foods, including anthocyanins, might play a role in attenuating obesity by producing a decrease in weight and adipose tissue. This review focused on current knowledge about anthocyanins’ role in obesity and its related comorbidities reported in animal models and humans. We summarized their target identification and mechanism of action through several pathways and their final effects on health and well-being. Into consideration of ongoing researches, we highlighted the following key points: a healthy relationship between anthocyanin supplementation and antiobesity effects suffers of the same pros and cons evidenced when the beneficial responses to other phytochemical treatments towards different degenerative diseases have been considered; the different dosage applied in animal versus clinical studies; the complex metabolism and biotransformation to which anthocyanins and phytochemicals are subjected in the intestine and tissues; the possibility that different components present in the supplemented mixtures can interact generating antagonistic, synergistic, or additive effects difficult to predict, and the difference between prevention and therapy. The evolution of the field must seriously consider the need to establish new and adequate cellular and animal models which may, in turn, allow the design of more efficient and prevention-targeted clinical studies