Distribution and Density of Zebra Mussels (Dreissena Polymorpha Pallas, 1771) and Related Some Environmental Properties in Euphrates River, Iraq

The present study was carried on the Euphrates river /middle of Iraq, from October 2011 to September 2012 between Al-Musayyib city and Twereej City. Sampling were monthly from three sites in study area for studying some physical and chemical properties to river water ( air &water temperature , p H , EC , TDS ,TSS , Dissolved oxygen , transparency ,Total alkalinity , Total hardness, calcium , magnesium )  , also measured the concentration of chlorophell -a as indicator of biomass and primary productivity in Euphrates river. This study include collected the samples of zebra mussel from study sites to calculated the density and distribution of the species.The results showed the impact of spatial and temporal variation of environmental properties under study on the distribution and density of D.polymorpha .The species was recorded during most of time and sites of study and this species being invasive species  was recorded for the first time in this region. Fluctuation was observed in the total density of D.polymorpha and the highest values were recorded in the sites (3) ( 23.7 individual /m2) during March 2012 and absente during October 2011 and September 2012 . Statistical analysis was done using the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Keywords: Zebra mussel; Biodiversity; Invasive species; Euphrates River; Iraq

A Comparative Efficiency Study of Two Adsorbent Materials to Remove Eosin Y Dye from Aqueous Solutions

This study was done to find a cheap, available and ecofriendly materials that can remove eosin y dye from aqueous solutions by adsorption in this study, two adsorbent materials were used, the shells of fresh water clam (Cabicula fluminea) and walnut shells. To make a comparison between the two adsorbents, five experiments were conducted. First, the effects of the contact time, here the nut shell removed the dye quickly, while the C. flumina need more contact time to remove the dye. Second, the effects of adsorbent weight were examined. The nut shell was very promising and for all used adsorbent weight, the R% ranged from 94.87 to 99.29. However C. fluminea was less effective in removing the dye with R% ranged from 47.59 to 55.39. The third experiment was initial dye concentration. The C. fluminea showed very low ability to remove eosin y , while the nut shell was more effective in removing the dye with R% up to 97.36 and an inverse correlation between the increase of initial dye concentration and R%. The fourth experiment was the effect of pH value of the solution and the adsorbent particles size. The results show that fine particles were more effective than granular particles. Throughout the whole study, the walnut shell was very promising in removing the dye, while the C. fluminea shell was much less effective than the walnut shell

Twelve-month observational study of children with cancer in 41 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction Childhood cancer is a leading cause of death. It is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted childhood cancer mortality. In this study, we aimed to establish all-cause mortality rates for childhood cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the factors associated with mortality. Methods Prospective cohort study in 109 institutions in 41 countries. Inclusion criteria: children <18 years who were newly diagnosed with or undergoing active treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, retinoblastoma, Wilms tumour, glioma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, medulloblastoma and neuroblastoma. Of 2327 cases, 2118 patients were included in the study. The primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality at 30 days, 90 days and 12 months. Results All-cause mortality was 3.4% (n=71/2084) at 30-day follow-up, 5.7% (n=113/1969) at 90-day follow-up and 13.0% (n=206/1581) at 12-month follow-up. The median time from diagnosis to multidisciplinary team (MDT) plan was longest in low-income countries (7 days, IQR 3-11). Multivariable analysis revealed several factors associated with 12-month mortality, including low-income (OR 6.99 (95% CI 2.49 to 19.68); p<0.001), lower middle income (OR 3.32 (95% CI 1.96 to 5.61); p<0.001) and upper middle income (OR 3.49 (95% CI 2.02 to 6.03); p<0.001) country status and chemotherapy (OR 0.55 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.86); p=0.008) and immunotherapy (OR 0.27 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.91); p=0.035) within 30 days from MDT plan. Multivariable analysis revealed laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 5.33 (95% CI 1.19 to 23.84); p=0.029) was associated with 30-day mortality. Conclusions Children with cancer are more likely to die within 30 days if infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, timely treatment reduced odds of death. This report provides crucial information to balance the benefits of providing anticancer therapy against the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with cancer

A study of the concentration of uranium in soil samples was evaluated using the CR_39 detector in the south of Amara Governorate

The quantity of uranium in soil samples taken from various residential, industrial, and agricultural areas in southern Iraq's Southern Omara governorate was evaluated using the neutron activation technique for solid-state nuclear track detectors CR-39. Uranium values in soil samples varied from 0.77 ppm to 1.94 ppm, according to the findings. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 10 cm. The outcomes were compared to publicly available data and found to be within acceptable ranges

Bioethanol Production from Green Alga Chlorella Vulgaris Under Different Concentrations of Nitrogen

ABSTRAC

A Study of Physicochemical Parameters and Nine Heavy Metals in the Euphrates River, Iraq

This study was conducted to reveal possible environmental effects on the Euphrates River from the Al-Hindiya barrage to the downstream end of Al-Kufa city in the middle of Iraq. Seven sites were selected along the study area and sampled during March 2004 to February 2005. We measured physical and chemical properties (air and water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, TSS and dissolved oxygen) as well as, concentration and distribution of some heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in both dissolved and particulate phases, in the water and sediments (exchangeable and residual phases). The studied area was slightly alkaline, with very hard water and high BOD5. The nutrients showed clear seasonal fluctuations in their concentrations. It was shown that the concentrations of metals in the particulate phase were higher than those in dissolved phase in water. In sediments, the mean concentrations of heavy metals as exchangeable phase were less than in the residual phase

An Ecological Study of Epiphytic Algae on Two Aquatic Macrophytes in Lotic Ecosystem

ABSTRAC

Improvement Properties of 7075-T6 Aluminum Alloy by Quenching in 30% Polyethylene Glycol and Addition 0.1%B

Abstract The 7000 series of aluminum alloys are primarily used in the aerospace industry as structural components and are strengthened by age-hardening especially 7075-T6 aluminu

A Study of Phytoplankton Communities and Related Environmental Factors in Euphrates River (between Two Cities: Al-Musayyab and Hindiya), Iraq

ABSTRACT The phytoplankton communities and related physical-chemical features of the Euphrates River at its middle region inside Iraqi territory were studied during the study period from October 2011 to September 2012. Samples were taken from Al-Musayab district extending to Al-Hindia district. The phytoplankton community (quantitative, qualitative and Chlorophyll-a) have been studied, in addition to many environmental parameters such as temperature, pH, electric conductivity (EC), Salinity (‰), TDS, TSS, dissolved oxygen, BOD 5 . A total of 105 phytoplankton taxa belonging to Bacillariophyta (69), Chlorophyta (19), Cynophyta (12), Euglenophyta (3), and Dinophyt