Study the Role of Hormones and Enzymes Aspect in Sera of Iraqi Endometroitic Patients Before and After Treatment with Diphereline

Endometriosis is a gynecological complication characterized by extra – uterine location of endometrial tissue , mainly in abdominal organs (including ovaries , bladder , intestine , kidney and in rare cases liver . Symptoms due to endometriosis may vary during the woman’s menstrual cycle as hormone levels fluctuate, in this regard , hormones play a central role in the aetiology of endometriosis since it is a disease of women in reproductive age and not usually seen in postmenopausal women. In women with endometriosis , the misplaced endometrial cells in the pelvic cavity also respond to these hormones. With the exeption of the symptomatic treatment of endometriosis associated pain , only two main suboptimal therapeutic approaches ( hormonal and invasive surgery). Diphereline is a single half dose depot Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) , which is long acting , GnRHa are a group of drugs that have been used to treat women with endometriosis for over 20 years , they are modified versions of naturally occurring hormones known as gonadotropin releasing hormones which helps to control menstrual cycle. This study have indicated the role of hormonal imbalance via the abnormalities in LH , FSH and PRO levels compared with  healthy control , also our study have revealed that liver was not affected by endometrial lesions for enrolled patients via normal levels as AST and ALT. Lastly , the non significant difference in creatinine and urea levels compared with healthy control reflect that the kidneys were not affected by endometrial tissue. On the other hand , this study highlights  Diphereline  role in enhancing  hormonal system in endometriotic patients (after treatment) , while has a negative side effect on liver and kidney via increasing of (AST and ALT) activities related to liver  and (creatinine and urea) levels related to kidneys in sera of patients compared with control. Keywords  endometriosis: LH , FSH , PRO ,  AST ,  ALT , Diphereline

Positive and Negative Aspects of Copaxone ( Glatiramer acetate) Action on TC, TG HbA1c and Iron Levels in The Sera of Iraqi Women with Multiple Sclerosis in Baghdad

The aim of the present study is to highlight the role of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), Glycated hemoglobin A1c and iron in Iraqi women with multiple sclerosis and also to examine the biochemical action of copaxone (which is the most widely used in the 21st century to treat multiple sclerosis) on these biochemical parameters. This is the first study in Iraq which deals copaxone action on TC , TG , HbA1c and iron. Ninety women in their fourth decade suffering from multiple sclerosis were enrolled in this study. They were divided into: the first (group B) composed of (30) women without any treatment related to multiple sclerosis or any treatment linked with chronic or inflammatory diseases. The second (group A1) included (30) women under treatment with copaxone for 1 year, whereas the third group (group A2) involved (30) women under treatment with copaxone for 2 years. Patients groups were compared with a healthy control group (group C) composed of (30) healthy women, TC, TG, HbA1c and iron levels were determined in the sera of patients and control groups. Results of the present study has revealed that TC was high significantly increasing in the sera of group B (250.68±9.76) mg/dl compared with group C (175.36±8.81) mg/dl, while it was high significantly decreasing in the sera of groups A1 (211.88±5.90) mg/dl and A2 (212.12±5.60) mg/dL compared with group B (250.68±9.76) mg/dl. Beside, a non-significant difference was suggested between groups A1 (211.88±5.90) mg/dl and A2 (212.12±5.60) mg/dl. The present study also reported that TG was high significantly increasing in group B (224.84±10.76) mg / dl compared with group C (131.36±7.53) mg/dL whereas a significant decrease was shown in group A1(142.48±4.63) mg/dl and group A2 (195±4.20) mg/dl compared with group B (224.84±10.76) mg / dl. Surprisingly, a highly significant increase was reported in group A2 (195±4.20) mg/dl compared with group A1(142.48±4.63) mg/dl. The present study also suggested that HbA1c level was high significantly increasing in the sera of group B (6.53±0.57) mg/dl compared with group C (4.99±0.07) mg/dl. Oppositely, it was high significantly decreasing in the sera of groups A1 (4.72±0.42) mg/dl and A2 (4.53±0.35) mg/dl compared with group B (6.53±0.57) mg/dl. Futhermore, a non-significant difference was noted between groups A1 (4.72±0.42) mg/dl and A2 (4.53±0.35) mg/dl. This study also reported that iron level was high significantly decreasing in the sera of group B (37.31±4.24) µg / dl compared with group C (98.23±9.21) µg/ dl, whereas it was significantly increasing in the sera of groups A1 (44.05±6.32) µg/dl and A2 (45.31±6.82) µg/dl compared with group B (37.31±4.24) µg/dl . A non significant difference was shown between groups A1 (44.05±6.32) µg / dl and A2 (45.31±6.82) µg / dl

Biochemical Action of Vaccines in Iraqi Patients with COVID-19 Infection

     تهدف الدراسة الحالية الى مقارنة التأثير الكيموحيوي للقاحات الثلاثة المعطاة في العراق و هي : فايزر بايونتيك ، أسترازينيكا أوكسفورد و السينوفارم و بالإعتماد على متغيرات كيموحيوية. تم إشتراك سبعون عراقيا مصابا بكوفيد 19 ( ذكور و إناث ) و تم تصنيفهم إلى سبعة مجاميع : المجموعة c تتضمن مصابين بكوفيد 19 ( بدون لقاح) ، المجموعة p1  تتضمن مصابين بكوفيد 19  بجرعة واحدة من فايزر بايونتيك ، المجموعة p2 تتضمن مصابين بكوفيد 19 بجرعتين من فايزر بايونتيك ، المجموعة a1 تتضمن مصابين بكوفيد 19 بجرعة من أسترازينيكا أوكسفورد ، المجموعة a2  تتضمن مصابين بكوفيد 19 بجرعتين من أسترازينيكا أوكسفورد ، المجموعة s1 تتضمن مصابين بكوفيد 19 بجرعة من السينوفارم و المجموعة s2 تتضمن مصابين بكوفيد 19 بجرعتين من السينوفارم . تم مقارنة المرضى مع اصحاء ( بدون لقاح) كمجموعة ضابطة. أشارت النتائج إلى أن مستوى د-دايمرارتفع بشكل معنوي عالي في  c مقارنة مع h  بينما إنخفض بشكل معنوي عالي في  p1 ،  a1 ، a2 و معنويا في p1 و غير معنوي في s1  و إرتفع بشكل معنوي عالي في s2  مقارنة مع c .  إن مستوى البروتين الفعال سي إرتفع بشكل معنويا في c  مقارنة مع h  بينما إنخفض معنويا في p1 ، p2 ، a1 ، a2  ، s1 ،  s2  مقارنة مع c  إن مستوى الإمينوغلوبيولين ج مستوى الإميونوغلوبيولين م  إرتفعت في c  بينما إنخفضت بعد أخذ اللقاح بإستثناء a2 بما يخص الإمينوغلوبيولين ج و p2 بما يخص الإميونوغلوبيولين م. الدراسة الحالية قدمت حداثة إلى مجال كوفيد19 بتسليطها الضوء على الجوانب الكيميائية للقاحات المستعملة في العراق .      The aim of the present study is to compare the biochemical action of the three vaccines taken in Iraq: Pfizer Biontech, AstraZeneca Oxford and Sinopharm based on biochemical parameters. Seventy COVID-19 Iraqi patients ( males and females ) were participated in the present study and classified into 7 groups : Gc :  COVID-19 patients ( without vaccine ) , Gp1: COVID-19 patients took one dose of Pfizer Biontech, Gp2 : COVID-19 patients took two doses of Pfizer Biontech, Ga1 : patients took one dose of AstraZeneca Oxford vaccine , Ga2: patients took two doses of AstraZeneca Oxford vaccine , Gs1 : patients took one dose of Sinopharm vaccine and Gs2: patients took two doses of Sinopharm vaccine. Patients were compared with healthy subjects (without vaccine) as a control group (Gh). The D-dimer level was highly significantly increased in Gc compared with Gh and was highly significantly decreased in Gp1 , Ga1 , Ga2 , significantly decreased in Gp2 and non-significantly decreased in Gs1 and highly significant increased in Gs2 compared with Gc. CRP level was significantly increased in Gc compared with Gh while it was significantly decreased in Gp1, Gp2, Ga1 , Ga2 , Gs1 , Gs2 compared with Gc. IgG and IgM levels were increased in Gc but decreased after taking vaccines ( except Ga2 for IgG and Gp2 for IgM )   The present study submits a novelty to the field of COVID-19 by highlighting the chemical aspects of vaccines used in Ira

Multiple Sclerosis is a Risk Factor for Hyperthyroidism and Interferon Beta Action on Thyroid Hormones via Novel Immuno-neuro-enzymological Mechanisms

Objective : Multiple  sclerosis (MS) is a common neurological disease deeply linked with the immune-inflammatory disorders whereas the term (multiple) mostly refers to the multi-focal zones of     Inflammation caused by lymphocytes and macrophages infiltration besides oligodendrocytes death. Accordingly , the dysfunctional immune system able to damage myelin ( a pivotal component of the central nervous system ) which responsible for communication among neurons. The aim of the present study is to innovate a biochemical relationship between MS and thyroid hormones (THs) by highlighting immunological responses and also to examine the action of Interferon beta (IFNβ) drug on thyroid hormone (THs) and thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH). Materials and methods: Sixty (60) Iraqi women in the age ranged (36-43) years were enrolled in the present study, (30) of them were MS patients and the other (30) were healthy. Anyway, the protocol of the study involved four groups: G1 is a healthy control group, G2 involved untreated MS patients, G3 included the MS patients treated with IFNβ for (6) weeks and G4 composed of the same patients treated with IFNβ for (12) weeks. THs (T4 and T3) and TSH levels were determined in sera of all groups.  Results: Data of the present study have reported that T4 level was highly significant increase in sera of G2 compared with G1 while it was significant and highly significant decreased in G3 and G4 respectively compared with G2, the difference between G4 and G1 and also between G4 and G3 was significant. T3 level was highly significant increase in sera of G2 compared with G1 but it was highly significant decreased in G3 and G4 compared with G2, the difference between G4 and G1 was non-significant while the difference between G4 and G3 was significant. Conversely, TSH level was highly significant decreased in G2 compared with G1 but it was highly significant increase in G3 and G4 compared with G2, the difference between G4 and G1 and also between G4 and G3 was highly significant. Conclusions : Interestingly , the present study is the first in Iraq reporting that MS may be a key risk factor for hyperthyroidism and also the first suggesting that IFNβ regulates THs biosynthesis via novel immuno-neuro-enzymological mechanisms regarding thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and iodothyronine deiodinase 1 (D1), meanwhile the present study indicates that  IFNβ has an indirect antioxidant activity. Moreover, the present study provides a definite clarification for the changed NF kappa B level in MS. Remarkably, the present study reveals that IFNβ is more potent on T3 than T4 while it has less action on TSH

The Role of Collagen I, Magnesium and Phosphorus in Iraqi Meningioma Patients

     Meningiomas are the most common primary intracellular slow growing benign tumor that are mostly arisen from meningeothelial (arachnoid) cells which surround the brain and the spinal cord. The aim of the present study is to innovate a biochemical relationship between collagen I and meningiomas in Iraqi patients and also to examine the biochemical role of magnesium and phosphorus regarding this complex nervous disease. Thirty (30) diagnosed meningioma patients were participated in the present study and were classified into two (2) groups : G3 composed of (15) newly diagnosed meningioma males and G4 composed of (15) newly diagnosed meningioma females , both G3 and G4 subjects did not take any treatment linked with meningioma or any chronic disease. Patients groups were compared with healthy subjects as two control groups which did not suffer from any chronic disease , the first  G1 composed of (15) healthy  males and the second G2 composed of (15) healthy females in the range of age matched with patients groups. Blood samples were collected from each  subject enrolled in this study  and three biochemical parameters (collagen I , magnesium , phosphorus ) were determined in sera of all groups. Results of the present study have reported that  levels of collagen I , magnesium and phosphorus  were highly significant decreased in sera of G3 and G4 compared with G1 and G2 respectively , while  the difference between G3 and G4  was non significant for the three biochemical parameters. The present study has contributed to collagen I novelty regarding Iraqi patients with meningiomas deficiency and also highlighted the biochemical role of both magnesium and phosphorus in accordance with meningiomas. The present study recommends checking periodically the levels of collagen I , magnesium and phosphorous by laboratory tests and treatment with collagen supplements tablets and metabolics ( magnesium phosphate ) capsules if a deficeicy has been noticed.                                                                                                                                                .……………

Study the effect of polyphenols extracted from Iraqi grape seeds on glucose , MDA levels and GST activity in streptozotocin (STZ ) induced diabetic mice.

1-Objective:- Polyphenols are biochemical compounds with antioxidant activity against differences diseases related to Lipid peroxidation such as diabetes mellitus. Polyphenols distributed widely in medical plants, the aim of the study is to extract and analyze some polyphenolic compounds from grape seeds and examine their effects on (STZ) induced diabetic mice. 2-Methods:- In the present study , a group of polyphenols has been extracted from Iraqi grape seeds by ethanol and the extract has been analyzed by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled to ultra violet (UV) detection. Five fractions were eluted from the column : procyanidin B1, gallic acid , quercetin , catechin and epicatechin. The detection was recorded at (280 nm). The reactive action of the above polyphenols on glucose, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione – S – transferase (GST) activity was tested in (30) streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice which treated with extracted grape seeds polyphenols to examine the antioxidant effect of these compounds . Grape seeds polyphenols action on the above parameters was determined before treatment and after (1 week), ( 2 weeks) and (3 weeks) of treatment with this reactive extract. 3-Results:- The data have shown that glucose levels were increased in (30) diabetic mice (after injection with streptozotocin) compared with control group (

Prolactin is a Novel Biochemical Marker in Sera of Iraqi Type-2 Diabetic Women With Metabolic Syndrome in Baghdad.

Metabolic syndrome (MS)  is a group of clinical and biological abnormalities included risk of insulin resistance , disorders in glucose metabolism ,  abdominal obesity and abnormal lipid profile these features confer a greater risk of cardiovascular diseases . Anyway, the co-occurrence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome potentiates the cardiovascular risk associated with each of the two conditions. The present study aimed to determine a relationship between prolactin level in type -2- diabetic Iraqi women and metabolic syndrome, as well to find a relationship between prolactin level and other studied biochemical markers. seventy menopausal diabetic women with metabolic syndrome with age in range (45-50) years were enrolled in this study , and were compared with matched age control group which consisted of menopausal  women suffering from uncomplicated diabetic patients (without metabolic syndrome ). Two groups were not given any treatment ,  they  were newly diagnosed. This study highlights the role of metabolic syndrome in the abnormalities of  prolactin blood glucose , lipid profile , glycated hemoglobin and body mass index regardless the role of diabetic mellitus. Available evidence from the present study have reported that prolactin is a novel biochemical marker in sera of Iraqi menopausal type-2 diabetic women with metabolic syndrome . Moreover this study is the first highlights not only the association between lower level prolactin and metabolic syndrome in type-2 diabetic women but also the correlation between lower prolactin level and other biochemical markers ( Lipid profile , HbA1c and BMI ) in type-2- diabetic women with metabolic syndrome . Keywords : Prolactin . metabolic syndrome . type-2- diabetes mellitus . lipid prolil

Study the Effects of Polyphenolic Cocoa beans Extracts (CE) in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by increasing of glucose level in plasma compared with normal value (hyperglycemia). This disease also causes elevation of lipid profile levels except HDL (High density lipoproteins) which increased relatively. The effects of the polyphenolic mixture (catechins, epicatechins, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2 and procyanidin C1) on total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were studied in (30) streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice with (20-25)gm weight. Mice were given (30 mg/mL) of Polyphenolic Cocoa beans Extracts (CE) once daily for (7) days before Streptozotocin STZ injection and for (21 day) there after. At (day7) (TC), (TG) and (LDL) levels were elevated (

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population