346 research outputs found
A Pixel Vertex Tracker for the TESLA Detector
In order to fully exploit the physics potential of a e+e- linear collider,
such as TESLA, a Vertex Tracker providing high resolution track reconstruction
is required. Hybrid Silicon pixel sensors are an attractive sensor technology
option due to their read-out speed and radiation hardness, favoured in the high
rate TESLA environment, but have been so far limited by the achievable single
point space resolution. A novel layout of pixel detectors with interleaved
cells to improve their spatial resolution is introduced and the results of the
characterisation of a first set of test structures are discussed. In this note,
a conceptual design of the TESLA Vertex Tracker, based on hybrid pixel sensors
is presentedComment: 20 pages, 11 figure
Quantization of the Chern-Simons Coupling Constant
We investigate the quantum consistency of p-form Maxwell-Chern-Simons
electrodynamics in 3p+2 spacetime dimensions (for p odd). These are the
dimensions where the Chern--Simons term is cubic, i.e., of the form FFA. For
the theory to be consistent at the quantum level in the presence of magnetic
and electric sources, we find that the Chern--Simons coupling constant must be
quantized. We compare our results with the bosonic sector of eleven dimensional
supergravity and find that the Chern--Simons coupling constant in that case
takes its corresponding minimal allowed value.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figure, JHEP3.cls. Equation (8.6) corrected and perfect
agreement with previous results is obtaine
High resolution pixel detectors for e+e- linear colliders
The physics goals at the future e+e- linear collider require high performance
vertexing and impact parameter resolution. Two possible technologies for the
vertex detector of an experimental apparatus are outlined in the paper: an
evolution of the Hybrid Pixel Sensors already used in high energy physics
experiments and a new detector concept based on the monolithic CMOS sensors.Comment: 8 pages, to appear on the Proceedings of the International Workshop
on Linear Colliders LCWS99, Sitges (Spain), April 28 - May 5, 199
Fermionic Determinant of the Massive Schwinger Model
A representation for the fermionic determinant of the massive Schwinger
model, or , is obtained that makes a clean separation between the
Schwinger model and its massive counterpart. From this it is shown that the
index theorem for follows from gauge invariance, that the Schwinger
model's contribution to the determinant is canceled in the weak field limit,
and that the determinant vanishes when the field strength is sufficiently
strong to form a zero-energy bound state
Low-energy interaction of composite spin-half systems with scalar and vector fields
We consider a composite spin-half particle moving in spatially-varying scalar
and vector fields. The vector field is assumed to couple to a conserved charge,
but no assumption is made about either the structure of the composite or its
coupling to the scalar field. A general form for the piece of the spin-orbit
interaction of the composite with the scalar and vector fields which is
first-order in momentum transfer and second-order in the fields is
derived.Comment: 10 pages, RevTe
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Polarized proton-neutron total cross sections from proton-deuteron data
Simple expressions are derived for the polarized proton-deuteron total cross sections. Possibilities of extraction of the polarized proton-neutron cross sections from the proton-deuteron data are discussed. 19 references
Smooth Paths on Three Dimensional Lattice
A particular class of random walks with a spin factor on a three dimensional
cubic lattice is studied. This three dimensional random walk model is a simple
generalization of random walk for the two dimensional Ising model. All critical
diffusion constants and associated critical exponents are calculated. Continuum
field theories such as Klein-Gordon, Dirac and massive Chern-Simons theories
are constructed near several critical points.Comment: 7 pages,NUP-A-94-
Chiral non-linear sigma-models as models for topological superconductivity
We study the mechanism of topological superconductivity in a hierarchical
chain of chiral non-linear sigma-models (models of current algebra) in one,
two, and three spatial dimensions. The models have roots in the 1D
Peierls-Frohlich model and illustrate how the 1D Frohlich's ideal conductivity
extends to a genuine superconductivity in dimensions higher than one. The
mechanism is based on the fact that a point-like topological soliton carries an
electric charge. We discuss a flux quantization mechanism and show that it is
essentially a generalization of the persistent current phenomenon, known in
quantum wires. We also discuss why the superconducting state is stable in the
presence of a weak disorder.Comment: 5 pages, revtex, no figure
Observations of mineralised tissues of teeth in X-ray micro-computed tomography
Background: The one of the most recent imaging technology is X-ray microtomography which allows non-invasive three-dimensional visualisation of structures. It also offers the opportunity to conduct a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the tested objects such as measuring the shares of the various phases, determining the material density and distribution of the size of pores and particles. The aim of the paper was to present an overview on the applicability and relevance of X-ray microtomography in the study of mineralised tissues of the teeth.
Materials and methods: The article is based on the most recent and significant literature and own observations.
Results: The use of X-ray microtomography in dentistry has recently increased and includes, inter alia, the assessment of the density of minerals in enamel and dentin, the detection of demineralisation in an artificially and a naturally induced caries, the automatic measurement of the depth of cavities in dentin, the measurement of the amount of removed dentin in preparation of carious lesions by various methods, the assessment of microleakage around fillings and fissure sealants, cortical bone density measurement, evaluation of root canal morphology, comparison of the accuracy of root canal working and filling by various methods.
Conclusions: X-ray microtomography offers within the analysis of mineralised tissues — complex structures of bone, teeth and biomedical materials, turn out to be indispensable since it opens new opportunities for cognitive and implementation research
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