Cell Shapes Of Chick Embryo Fibroblasts Cultured In Two- And Three-Dimensional Conditions

Introduction Normal animal cells in culture display correlation between mitotic activity and degree of spreading on substratum (Iwig et al. 1995). The research concerning this topic has been performed on standard twodimensional cultures where the cells were extended only in one plane. Therefore it was unknown whether cells grown in tree-dimensional conditions and capable of spreading in many planes need the same degree of spreading as the cells in standard cultures to reach the same mitotic activity. We aimed at solving this problem by means of the experimental model based on chick embryo fibroblasts culture in multicellular sheets extended between glass wool fibres. We have estimated the spreading degree of the cells growing inside the sheets, in standard monolayer cultures and in suspension, and compared them with the mitotic activity of the cells cultured in these conditions. Methods Chick embryo fibroblasts cultured in suspension on agarose layer, in spar

Multi-Pipeline Geographical Information System Based on High Accuracy Inertial Surveys

This paper describes the GIS system developed for the Pemex’ pipeline network in the Valley of Mexico. The pipeline UTM coordinates, which are the basis of the GIS, were obtained from the high accuracy Geopig® inertial and caliper surveys. The survey data also included information on pipeline features and anomalies, and was incorporated into the GIS together with the metal loss data from the past in-line inspections. The system is based on the ArcView® GIS Software with the Arc View 3D Analyst™ extension that allows both the cartography and pipeline data to be viewed in 3-D space. It stores information on pipeline plan, profile, girth weld locations, dents, wall thickness, bending strains, metal loss and other features in relation to known landmarks such as roads, buildings, political boundaries and hydrology. This allows for very efficient and accurate location of pipe defects and anomalies, which is particularly beneficial where there are several pipelines running in the same right-of-way. It helps to eliminate unnecessary excavations, as well as to coordinate, plan and schedule pipeline repairs. The additional benefit of a multi-pipeline GIS system is the ability to store various information for all the pipelines in one database, which is easy to manage and update. The GIS also gives the ability to plot detailed maps, query data for effective solutions and visualize scenarios.Copyright © 2000 by ASM

Correction: Profiles of a broad spectrum of epigenetic DNA modifications in normal and malignant human cell lines: Proliferation rate is not the major factor responsible for the 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxycytidine level in cultured cancerous cell lines.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188856.]