9 research outputs found
Antibacterial Activity and Physical Properties of Edible Chitosan Films Exposed to Low-pressure Plasma
Antagonistic interactions between saprotrophic fungi and geohelminths. 2. Saprotrophic fungi in biocontrol of parasitic geohelminths of humans and animals
The soils ecosystem plays an important role in the epidemiology of geohelminth diseases of humans and animals. Soil contamination with ova of the parasitic geohelminths represents a global public health-hazard issue. Biological agents have been thought to control the infective forms of parasites present in the soil. Biocontrol of geohelminths represents an alternative to pesticides (i.e., nematicides), which are not efficient in killing infective nematode forms and, additionally, result in the environment pollution and long-term disturbances in the soil ecosystem homeostasis. The degree of the inhibiting effect of soil saprotrophic fungi on geohelminth embryonic development varies and depends on the species. A number of fungi cause various morphological disorders in the embryos of developing parasitic nematodes, but also have an ovicidal effect. Although the nature of the antagonism between fungi and other living organisms has not been fully explained, it is certain that mycotoxins and fungal enzymes constitute its important components. Considering the studies carried out so far, the antagonistic effect of mold fungi against the infective stages of geohelminths can be fully recommended as a real control factor, especially as these saprotrophs represent a natural factor within the soil environment, that is of particular biochemical activity
Comparison of the effect of the chosen species of saprotrophic fungi on the development of Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum eggs
The study aim was to compare the antagonistic interaction between saprotrophic soil fungi and embryonic
development of geohelminths Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum. The experimental cultures were fertilized eggs of T.
canis and A. suum incubated together with mycelium of strains: Fusarium culmorum, Metarhizium anisopliae,
Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Trichoderma viride and Trichothecium roseum. In the control cultures the eggs of both
nematode species were incubated without fungi. The experiment was conducted at temp. 26ºC for 60 days. Compared
with the control, all of the tested species of fungi significantly extended the embryonic development of both T. canis
and A. suum. Most inhibitory effect on the rate of embryonic development of T. canis and A. suum had three fungal
species: P. fumosoreus, M. anisopliae and T. viride. Compared with the control, on the 60th day of incubation in the
presence of each of the tested fungal species, a larger percentage (p<0.05) of morphological abnormalities was stated in
developing embryos of T. canis (49–69%) than in A. suum (15.1–67.7%). Among the examined fungal species, only
incubation with P. fumosoroseus resulted in significantly greater (p<0.05) incidence of embryonic malformations
(embryopathies) in T. canis, as compared with A. suum. Also the percentage of dead larvae of T. canis in the control and
in cultures with fungi (12% and 100%, respectively) was significantly higher in comparison with A. suum (0.5% and
10.3–36%, respectively). The highest percentage of non-viable larvae of A. suum was found in the presence of P.
fumosoroseus, and the lowest in the presence of M. anisopliae. Findings may indicate that T. canis eggs are more
sensitive to antagonistic interaction of the examined fungal strains than A. suum eggs
Conscientious object in nursing: Regulations and practice in two European countries
Background: The concept of conscientious objection is well described; however, because of its nature, little is known about real experiences of nursing professionals who apply objections in their practice. Extended roles in nursing indicate that clinical and value-based dilemmas are becoming increasingly common. In addition, the migration trends of the nursing workforce have increased the need for the mutual understanding of culturally based assumptions on aspects of health care delivery.
Aim: To present (a) the arguments for and against conscientious objection in nursing practice, (b) a description of current regulations and practice regarding conscientious objection in nursing in Poland and the United Kingdom, and (c) to offer a balanced view regarding the application of conscientious objection in clinical nursing practice.
Design: Discussion paper.
Ethical considerations: Ethical guidelines has been followed at each stage of this study.
Findings: Strong arguments exist both for and against conscientious objection in nursing which are underpinned by empirical research from across Europe. Arguments against conscientious objection relate less to it as a concept, but rather in regard to organisational aspects of its application and different mechanisms which could be introduced in order to reach the balance between professional and patient’s rights.
Discussion and conclusion: Debate regarding conscientious objection is vivid, and there is consensus that the right to objection among nurses is an important, acknowledged part of nursing practice. Regulation in the United Kingdom is limited to reproductive health, while in Poland, there are no specific procedures to which nurses can apply an objection. The same obligations of those who express conscientious objection apply in both countries, including the requirement to share information with a line manager, the patient, documentation of the objection and necessity to indicate the possibility of receiving care from other nurses. Using Poland and the United Kingdom as case study countries, this article offers a balanced view regarding
the application of conscientious objection in clinical nursing practice