Revisiting Lynam's notion of the "fledgling psychopath": are HIA-CP children truly psychopathic-like?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In his developmental model of emerging psychopathy, Lynam proposed that the "fledgling psychopath" is most likely to be located within a subgroup of children elevated in both hyperactivity/inattention/impulsivity (HIA) and conduct problems (CP). This approach has garnered some empirical support. However, the extent to which Lynam's model captures children who resemble psychopathy with regard to the core affective and interpersonal features remains unclear.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In the present study, we investigated this issue within a large community sample of youth (<it>N </it>= 617). Four groups (non-HIA-CP, HIA-only, CP-only, and HIA-CP), defined on the basis of teacher reports of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), were compared with respect to parent-reported psychopathic-like traits and subjective emotional reactivity in response to unpleasant, emotionally-laden pictures from the International Affective Pictures System (IAPS).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Results did not support Lynam's model. HIA-CP children did not appear most psychopathic-like on dimensions of callous-unemotional and narcissistic personality, nor did they report reduced emotional reactivity to the IAPS relative to the other children. Post-hoc regression analyses revealed a significant moderation such that elevated HIA weakened the association between CP and emotional underarousal.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Implications of these findings with regard to the development of psychopathy are discussed.</p

A Multitrait-Multimethod examination of the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales in a College Sample

This study assessed trait validity of the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales’ (RIAS) Verbal Index (VIX) and Nonverbal Index (NIX) scores in a group of college students. Using both observation of patterns and latent variable modeling of a multitrait—multimethod correlation/covariance matrix, the results indicate that the RIAS VIX scores behaved in a manner predicted from the theory behind their construction; namely, they related strongly to other measures of crystallized intelligence (Gc) and, together, they formed a salient Gc factor. The NIX scores, however, did not behave as predicted—showing as strong, or stronger, associations with measures of Gc than measures of fluid intelligence. Although more studies of this type are needed across different samples before making broad generalizations, the results from the present study support the use and interpretation of the RIAS VIX score, but not the NIX score

Predicting IQ from the SAT: A Cross-validation Study

In 2004, Frey and Detterman developed regression equations to predict IQ based on SAT scores. There has been some debate over the equations’ applicability, with the conclusion being that the models need tested to assess their accuracy. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to cross-validate the regression equations

Validation of the Frey and Detterman (2004) IQ Prediction Equations Using the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales

This study sought to assess the ability of the equations Frey and Detterman (2004) presented to assess IQ in the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS). The study confirmed Frey and Detterman’s equation (2) best predicted IQ from recentered SAT scores. Nonetheless, both of the Frey and Detterman’s equations did not match the optimal model found in the current data, namely that SAT Total or SAT Verbal, alone, best predicted IQ as measured by the RIAS. Implications from this study are much the same as those stated by Frey and Detterman, namely, that SAT appears to be a measure of general intelligence and is a useful tool in predicting cognitive functioning. Nonetheless, future research is needed with a wider range of IQ instruments to assess which SAT variables are the best predictors, and what weight each should be ascribed