Guarding the border: watchtowers of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada. Characterization and vulnerability assessment

RUIZ-JARAMILLO, J. y GARCÍA-PULIDO, L.J., 2018. Guarding the border: watchtowers of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada. Characterization and vulnerability assessment. Heritage 2018: 6th International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development. Granada: Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development, pp. 1511-1518The Islamic Nasrid kingdom of Granada occupied the mountainous areas of the south-eastern of the Iberian Peninsula. The frontier between the Nasrid kingdom and the Christian kingdom of Castile from 1232 to 1492 was controlled by an extensive network of watchtowers built by Nasrid through the provinces of Granada, Malaga, Almeria and the eastern parts of Jaen, Cordoba and Cadiz. They allowed controlling this frontier stablishing visual communication between them and the Nasrid centre at the Alhambra citadel. Even protected by Spanish Heritage law, many of these medieval towers and their cultural landscapes are in severe risk be-cause of anthropic action as well as natural deterioration. Within the framework of the R&D project called ‘Las atalayas que defendieron el reino nazarí de Granada. Análisis y docu-mentación científica (Nazalaya)”, the towers are being studied. As a complement of planimetry obtained by procedures as photogrammetry or terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), complete architectural surveys using non-destructive techniques are being performed as part of the analysis to obtain a global description of construction systems used.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Muslim heritage and environment: the case of the watchtowers of the nasrid kingdom of Granada (thirteenth to fifteenth century)

Luis José García-Pulido y Jonathan Ruiz-Jaramillo. “Muslim heritage and environment: the case of the watchtowers of the nasrid kingdom of Granada (thirteenth to fifteenth century)”. En: Heritage 2018. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development (10th Anniversary Edition) Granada, Spain, 12-15 June 2018. Edited by Rogério Amoêda, Sérgio Lira, Cristina Pinheiro, Juan M. Santiago Zaragoza, Julio Calvo Serrano, Fabián García Carrillo. Editorial Universidad de Granada y Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development, Granada, 2018. e-ISBN 978-84-338-6261-7This paper is devoted to the study of the different towers of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada (1232 to 1492) and their linked landscapes, as well as the evolution, preservation, resilience or transformation of their environment until present days. These late Islamic territories in medieval Iberia occupied the mountainous areas of the southeastern area of today’s Spain. There, a natural border was established between the Nasrid kingdom and the expansion of Castile during more than two centuries and a half. To control this frontier and establish visual communication between it and the Nasrid power centres lead by the Alhambra citadel, an extensive network of watchtowers and defensive towers linked to farmsteads was constructed. These towers are located in unique sites; being erected as reference landmarks of the territories on which they stand. These fortifications, with very diverse typology and morphology, are a faithful testimony to the different territorial structure that has taken place throughout history.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. This paper has been written within the framework of the Spanish Proyecto del Plan Nacional I+D+i (Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia) entitled ‘Las atalayas que defendieron el reino nazarí de Granada. Análisis y documentación científica (Nazalaya)’ (‘The watchtowers that defended the nasrid kingdom of Granada. Analysis and scientific survey’, HAR2016-79689-P), directed by PhD Luis José García-Pulido and PhD Jonathan Ruiz Jaramillo. This contribution is also been framed within the projects ‘La construcción de un paisaje: arquitectura de tapial en la Alta Andalucía en el siglo XIII. Estudio y análisis del sistema de torres andalusíes en el valle de Segura de la Sierra’ (‘The building of a Landscape: rammed earth architecture in High Andalusia during the thirteenth century. Analysis of the andalusí tower system in the Segura de la Sierra valley’, Proyecto de Investigación Precompetitivo (mod. A) from the Plan Propio de la Universidad de Málaga), and ‘Torres medievales y modernas conservadas en Andalucía. Documentación gráfica, análisis científico e interrelaciones’ (‘Medieval and Modern towers preserved in Andalusia. Graphical survey, scientific analysis and interrelations’, X Convocatoria de Proyectos de Investigación de la Fundación Pública Andaluza Centro de Estudios Andaluces en la modalidad de proyectos individuales, PRY/259/17)

Federico García Lorca’s political engagement

El presente artículo aporta argumentos para rechazar definitivamente el supuesto apoliticismo con que se ha querido definir al poeta Federico García Lorca, demostrando que se trata únicamente de un rumor que extendió el régimen de Franco para enmascarar su asesinato como revuelta callejera o rencilla familiar. La base documental aportada, desde sus propios testimonios hasta el último informe oficial publicado, revela, por el contrario, un indudable compromiso con los valores democráticos republicanos y la tradición ideológica de la izquierda

La paz como proyecto constitucional

A pesar de la históricamente alegada estabilidad democrática de Colombia, se trata de un país que ha oscilado desde hace más de 50 años entre indicadores desfavorables respecto de la violencia y la inestabilidad institucional, en algunas ocasiones particuDespite of the historically alleged democratic stability in Colombia, we are taking about a country that has oscillated for more than 50 between unfavorable indicators in matters of violence and instability, particularly negative sometimes. In the late 1

Constructing the "good portuguese" and their enemy-others: the discourse of the far-right Chega party on social media

The election of André Ventura, leader of the Chega party, as a member of parliament in 2019 marked the history of democracy in Portugal. It was the first time that a far-right party gained political representation. Far-right political parties promote a discourse that defends the ideal of the “pure people” that is threatened by enemy-Others, and only the party can save them from the menace. The purpose of this research was to explore the social representations of the “good Portuguese” and the enemy-Others that are reproduced in Ventura's discourse on social media networks. This study integrates the Social Representations Theory and Critical Discourse Studies and focuses on the meanings and the discursive strategies used by the leader of Chega. Therefore, the 253 publications shared on his Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram accounts during the last month of the 2021 presidential campaign were analysed. It was found that Ventura refers to the “good Portuguese” as Europeans and hard workers that are threatened by two enemies. On the one hand, the Roma community, Afro-Portuguese people, and anti-fascist protesters, who are all seen as criminals and exploiters of the “pure people”. On the other hand, the traditional parties were represented as corrupt and traitors for not privileging the “good Portuguese”. In this context, Ventura appears as the strong and unstoppable hero destined to save Portugal. Based on these results, the implications of his discourse in the configuration of social representations that promote polarisation and social exclusion are discussed.A eleição de André Ventura, líder do partido Chega, como membro do parlamento em 2019 marcou a história da democracia em Portugal por ser a primeira vez que um partido da extrema- direita obteve representação política. Estes partidos promovem um discurso que defende a ideia de que uma parte da população, definido como o verdadeiro povo, está ameaçado por um Outro inimigo, e só o partido poderá salvá-lo. Assim, o propósito desta investigação foi explorar as representações sociais dos “portugueses de bem” e dos Outros-inimigos que são reproduzidas no discurso de Ventura nas redes sociais. Portanto, foram analisadas as 253 publicações feitas nas suas contas de Facebook, Twitter e Instagram durante o último mês da sua campanha presidencial em 2021. Seguindo uma integração da Teoria das Representações Sociais com a Análise Crítica do Discurso, foram analisadas as significações e estratégias discursivas utilizadas pelo líder do Chega. A análise sugere que Ventura representa os “portugueses-de- bem” como europeus e trabalhadores árduos, mas que são ameaçados por dois tipos de inimigos. Por um lado, a comunidade cigana, as pessoas com origem africana e os detratores do Chega, que são vistos como criminosos, agressivos e exploradores do verdadeiro povo. Por outro, os partidos tradicionais, representados como corruptos e traidores do povo por não privilegiar os portugueses-de-bem. Neste contexto o Ventura aparece como o forte e imparável herói destinado a salvar Portugal. Com base nesses resultados, são discutidas as implicações do seu discurso na configuração de representações sociais que promovem a polarização e a exclusão social

Factores que determinan los honorarios de auditoría: Análisis empírico para México

La escasa investigación internacional sobre auditoría en el ámbito latinoamericano ha motivado el desarrollo de esta investigación. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar empíricamente los factores que influyen en el monto de los honorarios de auditoría en México, partiendo de una muestra de 59 empresas que cotizan en la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (BMV), durante el período de 2002 a 2008. La metodología empleada, en línea con los estudios previos, se basa en un modelo de regresión múltiple, a partir de un conjunto de hipótesis relacionadas con diversos factores que afectan la determinación de los honorarios, vinculados a la empresa auditada y a la firma auditora, recolectados de la base de datos de las cuentas anuales de las empresas. Los resultados revelan que, en el mercado mexicano, los factores determinantes de los honorarios de auditoría son el tamaño de la empresa, el riesgo del cliente, la complejidad de la empresa, la reputación del auditor, los servicios adicionales que presta el auditor, la duración del contrato con el auditor, el sector al que pertenece la empresa y los años en que se realice la auditoría. En conclusión, se evidencia la globalización de la profesión, ya que los factores determinantes de los honorarios del auditor en el mercado mexicano, son similares a los obtenidos por otros investigadores en otras regiones geográficas

Centro de innovación social para la Universidad Externado de Colombia

36 páginas.Esta investigación presenta un análisis a la información teórica y definiciones sobre la innovación social, a nivel nacional e internacional. Esto con el fin de, analizar similitudes y diferencias para lograr una definición consensuada sobre lo que es la innovación social. Basándose en lo anterior, se busca plantear un modelo de centro de innovación social alineado con la misión y visión de la facultad de administración de empresas de la Universidad Externado de Colombia.This research shows an analysis to the theoretical information and definitions on social innovation, at national and international level. This in order to analyze similarities and differences to achieve a consensual definition of what is social innovation. Based on the definition, it seeks to propose a model of social innovation center aligned with the mission and vision of the business administration faculty of the Universidad Externado de Colombia.Especialista en Innovación y Desarrollo de NegociosEspecializació

Inspección y análisis científico de las torres atalaya que defendieron el último reino islámico de la Península Ibérica

The Islamic Nasrid kingdom of Granada occupied the mountainous areas of the south-eastern area of the Iberian Peninsula. The Baetic mountain range worked as a natural frontier between the Nasrid kingdom and the Christian kingdom of Castile from 1232 to 1492. An extensive network of watchtowers was built by Nasrid to control this frontier stablishing visual communication between them and the Nasrid centre at the Alhambra citadel. Many of them are still standing, disperse through the provinces of Granada, Malaga, Almeria and the eastern parts of Jaen, Cordoba and Cadiz. Even being this military architecture protected by Spanish Heritage law, many of these medieval towers and their cultural landscapes are in severe risk. There are studies of individual towers, but any global comparative study has been developed. For this reason, within the framework of the R&D project called ‘Las atalayas que defendieron el reino nazarí de Granada. Análisis y documentación científica (Nazalaya)” (HAR2016-79689-P) financed by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness of Spain, the towers are being studied as individual exemplars as well as components of the same typological group. This generates a complete documentation constituted by a homogenous and exhaustively planimetry which supplements the existing information and enabling comparative analysis. Furthermore complete architectural surveys are being carried out using techniques as photogrammetry. In addition to the analysis of construction systems, the structural safety of these towers is evaluated formulating guidelines for its restoration.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Proyecto del Plan Nacional I+D+i (Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia) entitled ‘Las atalayas que defendieron el reino nazarí de Granada. Análisis y documentación científica (Nazalaya)’ (HAR2016-79689-P) Proyecto de Investigación Precompetitivo (mod. A) del Plan Propio de la Universidad de Málaga ‘La construcción de un paisaje: arquitectura de tapial en la Alta Andalucía en el siglo XIII. Estudio y análisis del sistema de torres andalusíes en el valle de Segura de la Sierra’ X Convocatoria de Proyectos de Investigación de la Fundación Pública Andaluza Centro de Estudios Andaluces en la modalidad de proyectos individuales, PRY/259/17 ‘Torres medievales y modernas conservadas en Andalucía. Documentación gráfica, análisis científico e interrelaciones

Propuesta de un método de ontología crítica, composición entre genealogía y análisis estructural de contenido

Objective: to formulate a research method assembled for the analysis of subjectivation processes inserted in power-knowledge relationships, based on the social practices and grammars that constitute them. From there, an analyst is sought in order to read these relationships in cross-sectional research on the here and now, to be used in contemporary discourses and subjectivities. Methodology: a methodological composition was applied between categorical keys of the Foucauldian toolbox, two articulating categories of the harvest itself and data processing techniques of the structural analysis of content. Results: retained categorical keys and others developed from Foucauldian and Deleuzian readings are displayed. An epistemological argumentation is offered to indicate the sense of assembly as a place and function that each of the methodological sources fulfills in the middle of this composition. Finally, some principles of description and symbolic structures for data analysis are indicated. Conclusions: this deployment allows to establish a methodological elaboration, which contributes to the approaches of social practices and subjectivation inserted in the midst of knowledge-power relations, which provides a way to use the Foucauldian toolbox, which in Colombia has traditionally consisted of working with archives; a route to address live speeches from a transversal governmental analysis is achieved.Objetivo: formular un método de investigación ensamblado para el análisis de procesos de subjetivación insertos en relaciones de poder-saber, a partir de las prácticas y gramáticas sociales que los constituyen. Desde allí, se busca una analítica que lea estas relaciones en investigaciones transversales sobre el aquí y el ahora, para emplear en los discursos y subjetividades contemporáneos. Metodología: se aplicó una composición metodológica entre claves categoriales de la caja de herramientas foucaultiana, dos categorías articuladoras de la propia cosecha y técnicas de tratamiento de datos del análisis estructural de contenido. Resultados: se despliegan claves categoriales retomadas y otras desarrolladas a partir de lecturas foucaultianas y deleuzianas. Se ofrece una argumentación epistemológica para indicar el sentido del ensamblaje como lugar y función que cumple cada una de las fuentes metodológicas en medio de esta composición. Finalmente, se señalan algunos principios de descripción y estructuras simbólicas para el análisis de los datos. Conclusiones: este despliegue permite dejar sobre el escenario una elaboración metodológica, la cual aporta a los abordajes de las prácticas sociales y de subjetivación insertas en medio de relaciones de saber-poder, con lo que se propicia una vía para usar la caja de herramientas foucaultianas, que en Colombia ha sido tradicionalmente de trabajo con archivo; se logra una ruta para abordar discursos vivos desde una analítica gubernamental transversal