Black hole Area-Angular momentum-Charge inequality in dynamical non-vacuum spacetimes

We show that the area-angular momentum-charge inequality (A/(4\pi))^2 \geq (2J)^2 + (Q_E^2 + Q_M^2)^2 holds for apparent horizons of electrically and magnetically charged rotating black holes in generic dynamical and non-vacuum spacetimes. More specifically, this quasi-local inequality applies to axially symmetric closed outermost stably marginally (outer) trapped surfaces, embedded in non-necessarily axisymmetric black hole spacetimes with non-negative cosmological constant and matter content satisfying the dominant energy condition.Comment: 4 pages, no figure

Activation of nucleus accumbens NMDA receptors differentially affects appetitive or aversive taste learning and memory

Taste memory depends on motivational and post-ingestional consequences; thus, it can be aversive (e.g., conditioned taste aversion, CTA) if a novel, palatable taste is paired with visceral malaise, or it can be appetitive if no intoxication appears after novel taste consumption, and a taste preference is developed.The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a role in hedonic reactivity to taste stimuli, and recent findings suggest that reward and aversion are differentially encoded by the activity of NAc neurons. The present study examined whether the requirement for N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the NAc core during rewarding appetitive taste learning differs from that during aversive taste conditioning, as well as during retrieval of appetitive vs. aversive taste memory, using the taste preference or CTA model, respectively. Bilateral infusions of NMDA (1 μg/μl, 0.5 μl) into the NAc core were performed before acquisition or before retrieval of taste preference or CTA. Activation of NMDA receptors before taste preference training or CTA acquisition did not alter memory formation. Furthermore, NMDA injections before aversive taste retrieval had no effect on taste memory; however, 24 h later, CTA extinction was significantly delayed. Also, NMDA injections, made before familiar appetitive memory retrieval, interrupted the development of taste preference and produced a preference delay 24 h later. These results suggest that memory formation for a novel taste produces neurochemical changes in the NAc core that have differential requirements for NMDA receptors during retrieval of appetitive or aversive memory

Impact of sensor-augmented pump therapy with predictive low-glucose management on hypoglycemia and glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus : 1-year follow-up

Q2Artículo original2625-2631AIMS: To describe real-life experience with sensor-augmented pump therapy with predictive low-glucose management (SAPT-PLGM), in terms of hypoglycemia and glycemic control after one year of follow-up in T1D patients with hypoglycemia as the main indication of therapy. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study under real life conditions. Baseline and one-year follow-up variables of glycemic control, hypoglycemia and glycemic variability were compared. RESULTS: Fifty patients were included, 31 on prior treatment with SAPT with low-glucose suspend (LGS) feature and 19 on multiple dose insulin injections (MDI). Mean HbA1c decreased in the MDI group (8.24%-7.08%; p = 0.0001). HbA1c change was not significant in the SAPT-LGS group. Area under the curve (AUC) below 70 mg/dl improved in both SAPT-LGS and MDI groups while AUC, %time and events below 54 mg/dl decreased in SAPT-LGS group. Glycemic variability improved in the MDI group. Less patients presented severe hypoglycemia with SAPT-PLGM in both groups, however the change was non-significant. CONCLUSIONS: Under real life conditions, SAPT-PLGM reduced metrics of hypoglycemia in patients previously treaded with MDI and SAPT-LGS without deteriorating glycemic control in SAPT-LGS patients, while improving it in patients treated with MDI

A Fungal Effector With Host Nuclear Localization and DNA-Binding Properties Is Required for Maize Anthracnose Development

Plant pathogens have the capacity to manipulate the host immune system through the secretion of effectors. We identified 27 putative effector proteins encoded in the genome of the maize anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola that are likely to target the host’s nucleus, as they simultaneously contain sequence signatures for secretion and nuclear localization. We functionally characterized one protein, identified as CgEP1. This protein is synthesized during the early stages of disease development and is necessary for anthracnose development in maize leaves, stems, and roots. Genetic, molecular, and biochemical studies confirmed that this effector targets the host’s nucleus and defines a novel class of double-stranded DNA-binding protein. We show that CgEP1 arose from a gene duplication in an ancestor of a lineage of monocot-infecting Colletotrichum spp. and has undergone an intense evolution process, with evidence for episodes of positive selection. We detected CgEP1 homologs in several species of a grass-infecting lineage of Colletotrichum spp., suggesting that its function may be conserved across a large number of anthracnose pathogens. Our results demonstrate that effectors targeted to the host nucleus may be key elements for disease development and aid in the understanding of the genetic basis of anthracnose development in maize plants.Fil: Vargas, Walter Alberto. Universidad de Salamanca; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sanz Martín, José M.. Universidad de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Rech, Gabriel E.. Universidad de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Armijos Jaramillo, Vinicio D.. Universidad de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Rivera Rodriguez, Lina Patricia. Universidad de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Echeverria, María de Las Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Díaz Mínguez, José M.. Universidad de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Thon, Michael R.. Universidad de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Sukno, Serenella A.. Universidad de Salamanca; Españ

Prevalencia de malnutrición y factores de riesgo asociados, en pacientes mayores de 18 años hospitalizados en el área de clínica del HVCM.

Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en 245 pacientes, la muestra se seleccionó de manera que uno de cada dos pacientes que ingresaron en el área de clínica del hospital formó parte del estudio. Todos fueron evaluados mediante el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). Se identificaron los casos de malnutrición de acuerdo a las tablas de referencia del IMC. Se utilizó una encuesta validada previamente, llenada por los pacientes en estudio. La base de datos y el análisis se realizó mediante Epi Info y Excel, obteniéndose la razón de prevalencia, Valor de p, y el IC y estableciéndose relación con los factores de riesgo. Resultados: la prevalencia de malnutrición fue del 57.14. Sexo femenino, ingesta de alimentos superior a 4 veces/día, ingesta de comida chatarra son factores predisponentes a obesidad. La instrucción superior, empleos que no requieren esfuerzo físico, antecedentes de sobrepeso y obesidad, dieta rica en proteínas y afección del sistema digestivo predisponen a malnutrición. Comer menos de 2 veces/día y la ingesta crónica de alcohol predisponen a desnutrición. La secundaria completa, antecedente nutricional normal, dieta mixta, son factores protectores de malnutrición. Conclusiones: la elevada prevalencia de malnutrición y la asociación existente con ciertos factores de riesgo presentes en nuestro estudio pone de manifiesto la importancia de determinar el estado nutricional al ingreso hospitalarioMédicoCuenc

Benchmarking seeding strategies for spreading processes in social networks: an interplay between infuencers, topologies and sizes

The explosion of network science has permitted an understanding of how the structure of social networks affects the dynamics of social contagion. In community-based interventions with spill-over effects, identifying influential spreaders may be harnessed to increase the spreading efficiency of social contagion, in terms of time needed to spread all the largest connected component of the network. Several strategies have been proved to be efficient using only data and simulation-based models in specific network topologies without a consensus of an overall result. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to benchmark the spreading efficiency of seeding strategies related to network structural properties and sizes. We simulate spreading processes on empirical and simulated social networks within a wide range of densities, clustering coefficients, and sizes. We also propose three new decentralized seeding strategies that are structurally different from well-known strategies: community hubs, ambassadors, and random hubs. We observe that the efficiency ranking of strategies varies with the network structure. In general, for sparse networks with community structure, decentralized influencers are suitable for increasing the spreading efficiency. By contrast, when the networks are denser, centralized influencers outperform. These results provide a framework for selecting efficient strategies according to different contexts in which social networks emerge

Acute Liver Failure in Patients with Classic Heat Stroke

Background: Classic heat stroke is defined by a core temperature greater than 40° C, severe dehydration and neurological alterations. Patients with liver disease due to heat stroke have been described, mostly by exercise. Hepatic failure is defined as the presence of a coagulopathy accompanied by any degree of hepatic encephalopathy. The primary objective of the study lies in the fact that patients who developed acute liver failure during their hospital stay had a higher risk of mortality. Methods: A retrospective, analytical study of patients admitted to the General Hospital of Mexicali who suffered from classic heat stroke from March 2006 through August 2010, and a second period from June 2018 to August 2019. Results: Fifty patients were recruited, the group included 48 (96%) male, with a total of 10 fatalities, representing 20%. INR greater than 1.5, AST and ALT levels were not related to an increased mortality rate. Conclusion: Neither transaminase levels, nor liver failure, were related to a higher mortality rate in this cohort of patients with classic heat stroke

Impacts of thinning of a Mediterranean oak forest on soil properties influencing water infiltration

In Mediterranean ecosystems, special attention needs to be paid to forest-water relationships due to water scarcity. In this context, Adaptive Forest Management (AFM) has the objective to establish how forest resources have to be managed with regards to the efficient use of water, which needs maintaining healthy soil properties even after disturbance. The main objective of this investigation was to understand the effect of one of the AFM methods, namely forest thinning, on soil hydraulic properties. At this aim, soil hydraulic characterization was performed on two contiguous Mediterranean oak forest plots, one of them thinned to reduce the forest density from 861 to 414 tree per ha. Three years after the intervention, thinning had not affected soil water permeability of the studied plots. Both ponding and tension infiltration runs yielded not significantly different saturated, Ks, and unsaturated, K-20, hydraulic conductivity values at the thinned and control plots. Therefore, thinning had no an adverse effect on vertical water fluxes at the soil surface. Mean Ks values estimated with the ponded ring infiltrometer were two orders of magnitude higher than K-20 values estimated with the minidisk infiltrometer, revealing probably soil structure with macropores and fractures . The input of hydrophobic organic matter, as a consequence of the addition of plant residues after the thinning treatment, resulted in slight differences in terms of both water drop penetration time, WDPT, and the index of water repellency, R, between thinned and control plots. Soil water repellency only affected unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity measurements. Moreover, K-20 values showed a negative correlation with both WDPT and R, whereas Ks values did not, revealing that the soil hydrophobic behavior has no impact on saturated hydraulic conductivity

Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic Activity of Piper Piedecuestanum Trel. and Yunck

ackground and Objective: Plasmodium resistance to antimalarial drugs has expanded and in tensified, making new and effective antimalarial drugs urgently. The objective of this work was the in vitro evaluation of antiplasmodial activity of extracts of differen t polarity and compounds of the species P. piedecuestanum . Materials and Methods: The plant materials were obtained through successive extractions using solvents of different polarity such as hexane (H), dichloromethane (D), ethyl acetate (A) and methanol (M) and separations techniques for fractionation and isolation of compounds. The antiplasmodial activities of the extracts and compounds were evaluated by SYBR Green I® method and evaluated the cytotoxicit y in the cell lines U-937, HUVEC by the MTT method. Results: The antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activity of the extracts of dichloromethane (PPD) and ethyl ac etate (PPAE) with antiplasmodi al activity of IC 50 = 17.93 μg mL G 1 ; IS = 2.093 and IC 50 = 19.5 μg mL G 1 ; IS = 0.791, respectively are reported for the first time. In addition, from P. piedecuestanum species were isolation and characterization five metabolites 5,8-Hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone(1), 6,7-dimethoxy-5,8- dihydroxyflavone(2), 6,7-dimethoxy-5-hydroxyflavone (mosloflavo ne) (3), 5,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (negletein) (4), 5-hydr oxy-7- methoxyflavone (5) and a brominated derivative from (5) named 6,8 bromo-5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone(7). Compound (1) presented promising antiplasmodial activity with an IC 50 = 7.325 μg mL G 1 (25.69 μM); IS HUVEC =13.65. Conclusion: Chemical analysis of extracts and compounds from P. piedecuestanum spices will play a central role in the development and modernization o f an antimalarial herbal traditional in Colombia

Anti-inflammatory effect of the medicinal herbal mixture infusion, Horchata, from southern Ecuador against LPS-induced cytotoxic damage in RAW 264.7 macrophages

[EN] The phytochemical composition and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of a mixture of 23 plants, named Horchata, traditionally consumed in Ecuador, have been evaluated. The study was carried out using the hydroalcoholic extract (HHext) and infusion (IHext) of the horchata plant mixture. It was verified that thermal treatment affected the contents of vitamin C and carotenoids, but hardly those of polyphenols, which would be the main bioactive compounds in the infusion, the common form of preparation of horchata for consumption. Among phenolic compounds, caffeoylquinic acids, flavones and flavonols (mostly quercetin glycosides) were prominent. Both HHext and IHext extracts managed to protect RAW 264.7 macrophages against LPS-induced cytotoxic damage, increasing the levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and modulating the production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Greater protective effects were obtained for HHext compared to IHext, which was in agreement with its higher content of phenolic compounds favoured by a more efficient extraction in the hydroalcoholic medium. Nonetheless, the infusion still maintained a significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, which would support the protective effects on health traditionally attributed to its consumption by the population