21 research outputs found
Economic burden of neural tube defects and impact of prevention with folic acid: a literature review
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the second most common group of serious birth defects. Although folic acid has been shown to reduce effectively the risk of NTDs and measures have been taken to increase the awareness, knowledge, and consumption of folic acid, the full potential of folic acid to reduce the risk of NTDs has not been realized in most countries. To understand the economic burden of NTDs and the economic impact of preventing NTDs with folic acid, a systematic review was performed on relevant studies. A total of 14 cost of illness studies and 10 economic evaluations on prevention of NTDs with folic acid were identified. Consistent findings were reported across all of the cost of illness studies. The lifetime direct medical cost for patients with NTDs is significant, with the majority of cost being for inpatient care, for treatment at initial diagnosis in childhood, and for comorbidities in adult life. The lifetime indirect cost for patients with spina bifida is even greater due to increased morbidity and premature mortality. Caregiver time costs are also significant. The results from the economic evaluations demonstrate that folic acid fortification in food and preconception folic acid consumption are cost-effective ways to reduce the incidence and prevalence of NTDs. This review highlights the significant cost burden that NTDs pose to healthcare systems, various healthcare payers, and society and concludes that the benefits of prevention of NTDs with folic acid far outweigh the cost. Further intervention with folic acid is justified in countries where the full potential of folic acid to reduce the risk of NTDs has not been realized
Peurs dans la cambrousse
En septembre 2020, Florence Bouchy livrait dans le Monde des livres une chronique consacrĂ©e Ă deux romans ruraux, intitulĂ©e « Le monde rural, fertile terre littĂ©raire ». Jean-Yves Laurichesse, dans son essai Lignes de terre. Ăcrire le monde rural aujourdâhui, confirmait « la fĂ©conditĂ© dâun thĂšme que lâon aurait pu croire tombĂ© en dĂ©suĂ©tude, mais qui est de plus en plus prĂ©sent dans lâactualitĂ© littĂ©raire ». Lâexpansion rĂ©cente de la littĂ©rature rurale ne fait aujourdâhui plus de doute : roma..
Le féminin et le masculin : une redistribution des cartes
Câest une lettre, on le sait, qui cause Ă EllĂ©nore un brusque accĂšs de fiĂšvre, dans Adolphe, et qui, Ă terme, provoque sa mort. Adolphe la trouve au pied du lit de sa maĂźtresse et la reconnaĂźt : il sâagit de sa propre lettre, adressĂ©e au baron de T***, auquel il rĂ©pĂ©tait sa rĂ©solution de rompre avec EllĂ©nore. Usant dâun procĂ©dĂ© aussi cruel quâindĂ©licat, digne des Liaisons dangereuses, M. de T*** fait parvenir Ă EllĂ©nore la lettre qui lui Ă©tait destinĂ©e. Lâeffet, sur la jeune femme, est foudro..
Gustave Roud, Ćuvres complĂštes
Ădition critique, en quatre volumes, des Ćuvres du poĂšte Gustave Roud (1897-1976