Ocena wybranych parametrów dotyczących jakości siewu nasion pietruszki odmiany Vistula siewnikiem precyzyjnym z pneumatycznym systemem wysiewu

Results of laboratory tests on the sowing quality of Vistula parsley seeds with a working section of a seed drill by Weremczuk company Max Pneumatic S 156 model with a pneumatic sowing system were presented. Tests of the sowing section of a seed drill were carried out in laboratory conditions on a special stand. They showed that the seed drill speed and rotations of the sowing disc have a significant impact on the sowing quality expressed with participation of single, double sowing and passes. The most favourable results at all set distances between seeds in a row were obtained with a seed drill speed of 1 km·h-1. On the other hand, the increase of the working speed of a seed drill and rotations of a sowing disc influenced significantly the deterioration of the sowing quality.Przedstawiono wyniki badań laboratoryjnych dotyczących jakości siewu nasion pietruszki odmiany Vistula sekcją roboczą siewnika firmy Weremczuk model Max Pneumatic S 156 z pneumatycznym systemem wysiewu. Badania sekcji wysiewającej siewnika przeprowadzono w warunkach laboratoryjnych na specjalnym stanowisku. Wykazały one, że prędkość siewnika oraz obroty tarczy wysiewającej mają istotny wpływ na jakość siewu wyrażającą się udziałem wysiewów pojedynczych, podwójnych i przepustów. Najkorzystniejsze wyniki przy wszystkich zadanych odległościach między nasionami w rzędzie uzyskano przy prędkości siewnika wynoszącej 1 km·h-1 . Natomiast wzrost prędkości roboczej siewnika i obrotów tarczy wysiewającej wpływał istotnie na pogorszenie jakości siewu

Aviation market in Poland in 2000-2017

The changes that have taken place over the last 3 decades on the market of air services in Europe have had an impact on the markets of individual regions. The paper presents short introduction to the issues of transformation on the European aviation market. The main purpose of this article is to present the development of the aviation market in Poland over the period 2000-2017. The data presented in the article comes from the reports of the Civil Aviation Office in Poland and International Civil Aviation Organization. Aviation market in Poland is becoming more and more popular and its further development is expected in the coming years. There is a great potential for small regional airports that are increasingly operating on the transport services market

Aviation market in Poland in 2000-2017

The changes that have taken place over the last 3 decades on the market of air services in Europe have had an impact on the markets of individual regions. The paper presents short introduction to the issues of transformation on the European aviation market. The main purpose of this article is to present the development of the aviation market in Poland over the period 2000-2017. The data presented in the article comes from the reports of the Civil Aviation Office in Poland and International Civil Aviation Organization. Aviation market in Poland is becoming more and more popular and its further development is expected in the coming years. There is a great potential for small regional airports that are increasingly operating on the transport services market

Driver’s distraction and its potential influence on the extension of reaction time

The driver’s reaction time is one of the most important parameters for the road preaccident analysis. There are known the results of tests, in which the value of this parameter was determined in expected and unexpected road situations. But in some cases, this time may be longer e.g. in situations in which the driver’s attention may be distracted by keeping observations other than the area, in front of the car’s surroundings. There are many manoeuvres, when the driver is obliged to observe many areas at the same time. Thus, his attention must be turned away from the main area – in front of the vehicle. The paper presents the results of tests involving the measurement of the driver’s attention time focused on observing the surrounding other than the car’s path. During the test, the driver’s attention was focus on observing the side and back mirror, car radio and at the mobile phone. Certain values can be potentially considered as extending the typical driver’s reaction time. The results of the presented tests have practical applications and can be used in the process of issuing opinions on traffic accidents

Practical aspects of the use of milking robots

The article presents results of monitoring carried out in barns with milking robots. The use of milking robots makes it possible, with proper stocking, to milk cows without human intervention. The analysis included all barns with Lely robots located in the Podlaskie Voivodeship in 2018-2021. In 2018-2019, there were seven such barns, and in 2020-2021 nine. In all barns, high milk yields were obtained of more than 1000 kg compared to the average milk yield obtained from stock of cows under monitoring in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. In 2021, four barns milked more than 9.5 thous. kg, three barns more than 10 thous. kg and two barns almost 12 thous. kg of milk. Fat and protein contents were typical for the breed. Three barns were monitored more closely in 2021, with varying numbers of robot milking stations in barns, i.e. A one, B two and C three milking stations. In 2021, over 700,000 kg was milked per stall in stall A, over 750,000 kg in B and over 850,000 kg of milk in C. The average milk per cow per milking was high, with over 11 kg in barn A, 12 kg in B and 13 kg in C

Analiza właściwości energetycznych granulowanych paliw z tworzyw sztucznych oraz wybranych biopaliw

The paper discusses the possibility of using alternative fuels from biomass and plastics in Poland. Their physiochemical properties and possible application in the chemical, cement and energy industries were determined. The heat of combustion of the tested samples was 26.169 MJ·kg-1. On the other hand, the moisture content in the tested material was 1.6%, i.e. within the requirements for this raw material. Since the chlorine content in relation to the sulfur content in the waste is an indicator of the corrosive potential of the fuel, the content of chlorine and sulfur was determined in laboratory tests. The analyzed waste samples were within the specified requirements. The tested material, in which the chlorine content was determined (0.577%), indicates that the tested fuels can be included in the power industry, in accordance with PN-EN 15359:2012.W artykule omówiono możliwość wykorzystania paliw alternatywnych z biomasy i tworzyw sztucznych w Polsce. Określono ich właściwości fizyko-chemiczne oraz możliwości zastosowania w przemyśle chemicznym, cementowym i energetycznym. Ciepło spalania badanych próbek wynosiło 26,169 MJ·kg-1. Natomiast wilgotność w badanym materiale wynosiła 1,6% i mieściła się w zakresie wymagań dla tego surowca. W badaniach laboratoryjnych określono zawartość chloru i siarki. Zawartość chloru w stosunku zawartości siarki w odpadach jest wskaźnikiem potencjału korozyjnego paliwa i w analizowanych próbkach odpadów mieściła się w określonych wymaganiach. Badany materiał, w którym oznaczona została zawartość chloru (0,577%), wskazuje, iż można zgodnie z normą PN-EN 15359:2012, zaliczyć badane paliwa do zastosowania w energetyce

Analysis of the market of electric tractors in agricultural production

In Poland, the market of electric field tractors is practically non-existent. There are individual models in offers dedicated to the agriculture made by foreign producers. However, these offers are presented mainly at agricultural fairs. The article presents the research on the needs of farms for electric tractors and presents the possibilities of developing electro mobility in this sector of the economy. Questionnaire was presented, data were collected from those working in the agricultural sector. The data will be used to gauge attitudes and opinions towards alternative power systems implemented in agriculture

Analysis of the market of electric tractors in agricultural production

In Poland, the market of electric field tractors is practically non-existent. There are individual models in offers dedicated to the agriculture made by foreign producers. However, these offers are presented mainly at agricultural fairs. The article presents the research on the needs of farms for electric tractors and presents the possibilities of developing electro mobility in this sector of the economy. Questionnaire was presented, data were collected from those working in the agricultural sector. The data will be used to gauge attitudes and opinions towards alternative power systems implemented in agriculture

The Influence of Red Light (RL) and Effective Microorganism (EM) Application on Soil Properties, Yield, and Quality in Wheat Cultivation

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of red light (RL) and effective microorganisms (EMs) on the wheat yield of grain and straw, as well as the quality (protein, carbohydrates, gluten, index of sedimentation (SDS index), germination capacity). Moreover, the experiments measured the granulometric composition and pH of soil, as well as its content of microelements and major nutrients, including heavy metals. The field experiment was conducted in 2017, 2018, and 2019 at the experimental station (Felin) of the University of Life Sciences in Lublin (Poland). The best results in terms of overall yield, protein content, and SDS index were obtained after the red light treatment (RL). The three-year application of effective microorganisms (EMs) in the soil had a positive impact, relative to the control, on the grain yield, straw yield, starch, SDS index, and germination capacity. A slight decrease was observed in terms of the protein content. After the application of effective microorganisms (EMs) in soil, changes were observed in the soil’s granulometric composition, pH, humus, and microelements

Wykorzystanie paliw alternatywnych z tworzyw sztucznych (RDF) w energetyce

The paper presents the concept of use of fuels produced from production waste (RDF). The usefulness of RDF processed into pellets used in the chemical and power industry was also analyzed. The paper presents the results of research on the quality and content of selected elements in RDF pellets. The values of individual indexes are within the ranges typical for fuels manufactured from plastics. The tested material’s humidity was identified as low, as well as the content of chlorine, sulfur and other elements. In the working condition, the calorific value of the tested sample was 25.260 MJ·kg-1 and was above the range of typical values for RDF (13-20 MJ·kg-1). The moisture content in the tested material was 1% and it was within the required range. In the laboratory tests, the content of chlorine and sulfur was also determined.Przedstawiono koncepcję zagospodarowania paliw (RDF) wytwarzanych z odpadów w oparciu o ich produkcję. Dokonano również analizy przydatności przetwarzania RDF na pelety stosowane w przemyśle chemicznym i energetyce zawodowej. Przedstawiono wyniki badań jakości i zawartości wybranych pierwiastków w peletach z RDF. Wartości poszczególnych wskaźników mieszczą się w zakresach typowych dla paliw wytwarzanych z tworzyw sztucznych. Stwierdzono dość niską wilgotność oraz zawartość chloru, siarki i innych pierwiastków. Wartość opałowa badanej próbki w stanie roboczym wyniosła 25,260 MJ·kg-1 i była wyższa od zakresu typowych wartości dla RDF (13-20 MJ·kg-1). Zawartość wilgoci w badanym materiale wynosiła 1% i mieściła się w zakresie wymagań W badaniach laboratoryjnych określono również zawartość chloru i siarki