Model Pembelajaran Experiential Kolb untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menjelaskan Fenomena Fisis pada Konsep Optik

Berdasarkan hasil studi pendahuluan, proses pembelajaran Fisika pada sekolah yang menjadi tempat penelitian menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional, pada proses pembelajarannya siswa cenderung pasif. Akibatnya, kemampuan menjelaskan fenomena fisis siswa sangatlah rendah. Untuk itu, diperlukan suatu model pembelajaran yang tepat dan sesuai. Model Pembelajaran Experiential Kolb dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif model pembelajaran yang diterapkan, karena dalam model pembelajaran Experiential Kolb, siswa dituntut untuk aktif dan kreatif membangun pengetahuannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan menjelaskan fenomena fisis siswa setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran Experiential Kolb pada materi alat optik. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian Control Group Pretest-Potstest Design dengan sampel eksperimen kelas X di salah satu Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) di Kabupaten Majalengka. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh rata-rata N-gain kemampuan menjelaskan fenomena fisis 0,61 untuk kelas yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Experiential Kolb dan 0,29 untuk kelas yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Experiential Kolb dapat lebih meningkatkan kemampuan menjelaskan fenomena fisis di bandingkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Hasil analisis terhadap respon siswa menunjukkan bahwa siswa memiliki respon positif terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran Experiential Kolb

Reliability and validity of an iPhone® application for the measurement of lumbar spine flexion and extension range of motion

Background: Measurement of lumbar spine range of motion (ROM) is often considered to be an essential component of lumbar spine physiotherapy and orthopedic assessment. The measurement can be carried out through various instruments such as inclinometers, goniometers, and etc. Recent smartphones have been equipped with accelerometers and magnetometers, which, through specific software applications (apps) can be used for inclinometric functions. Purpose: The main purpose was to investigate the reliability and validity of an iPhone® app (TiltMeter© -advanced level and inclinometer) for measuring standing lumbar spine flexion-extension ROM in asymptomatic subjects. Design: A cross-sectional study was carried out. Setting: This study was conducted in a physiotherapy clinic located at School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science and Health Services, Tehran, Iran. Subjects: A convenience sample of 30 asymptomatic adults (15 males; 15 females; age range = 18-55 years) was recruited between August 2015 and December 2015. Methods: Following a 2-minute warm-up, the subjects were asked to stand in a relaxed position and their skin was marked at the T12-L1 and S1-S2 spinal levels. From this position, they were asked to perform maximum lumbar flexion followed by maximum lumbar extension with their knees straight. Two blinded raters each used an inclinometer and the iPhone® app to measure lumbar spine flexion-extension ROM. A third rater read the measured angles. To calculate total lumbar spine flexion-extension ROM, the measurement from S1-S2 was subtracted from T12-L1. The second (2 hours later) and third (48 hours later) sessions were carried out in the same manner as the first session. All of the measurements were conducted 3 times and the mean value of 3 repetitions for each measurement was used for analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) models (3, k) and (2, k) were used to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients were used to establish concurrent validity of the iPhone® app. Furthermore, minimum detectable change at the 95 confidence level (MDC95) was computed as 1.96 � standard error of measurement � �2. Results: Good to excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were demonstrated for both the gravity-based inclinometer with ICC values of �0.84 and �0.77 and the iPhone® app with ICC values of �0.85 and �0.85, respectively. The MDC95 ranged from 5.82°to 8.18°for the intra-rater analysis and from 7.38°to 8.66° for the inter-rater analysis. The concurrent validity for flexion and extension between the 2 instruments was 0.85 and 0.91, respectively. Conclusions: The iPhone®app possesses good to excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity. It seems that the iPhone® app can be used for the measurement of lumbar spine flexion-extension ROM. © 2016 Pourahmadi et al

Faecal carriage of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant and ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus species in healthy Iranian children

Objectives: High-level aminoglycoside, ampicillin and vancomycin resistance and virulence genes among enterococcal isolates collected from healthy middle-school children in Ardabil, Iran, during 2016 were investigated. Methods: Totally, 305 faecal specimens were collected. Isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing, virulence gene detection and molecular typing. Results: Totally, 409 enterococcal isolates were collected, comprising Enterococcus faecium (235; 57.5), Enterococcus faecalis (56; 13.7) and other Enterococcus spp. (118; 28.9). Overall, 71 (17.4), 11 (2.7) and 10 (2.4) isolates were identified as high-level streptomycin-resistant (HLSR), high-level gentamicin-resistant (HLGR) and ampicillin-resistant (AR), respectively. Among HLSR isolates, 40 (56.3), 5 (7.0) and 26 (36.6) were E. faecium, E. faecalis and other Enterococcus spp., respectively. Among HLGR isolates 4 (36.4) and 7 (63.6) and among AR isolates 7 (70.0) and 3 (30.0) were E. faecium and other Enterococcus spp., respectively. Accordingly, 21.6, 3.6 and 3.3 of subjects were colonised with HLSR, HLGR and AR Enterococcus spp. Carriage of HLGR, HLSR and AR isolates was associated with prior antibiotic consumption (P � 0.05). Additionally, male sex and antacid consumption were associated with AR enterococcal carriage. Moreover, 69 (97.2), 10 (90.9) and 9 (90.0) of HLSR, HLGR and AR isolates were multidrug-resistant, respectively. No vancomycin-resistant enterococci were detected. ERIC-PCR revealed high genetic diversity among isolates. gelE and asa1 were major virulence genes both in E. faecalis and E. faecium. Presence of gelE was associated with HLSR and HLGR phenotypes (P � 0.05). Conclusion: Community intestinal carriage of HLSR enterococci was high; however, carriage of HLGR and AR enterococci was low. © 2019 International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherap

Learning environments research in English classrooms

Although learning environments research has thrived for decades in many countries and school subjects, English classroom environment research is still in its infancy. This article paves the way for expanding research on English classroom environments by (1) reviewing the limited past research in English classrooms and (2) reporting the first study of English learning environments in Singaporean primary schools. For a sample of 441 grade 6 students, past research in other subjects was replicated in that a modified version of the What Is Happening In this Class? questionnaire was cross-validated, classroom environment was found to vary with the determinants of student sex and ethnicity, and associations emerged between students’ attitudes and the nature of the classroom environment

Speed estimation of faulty three-phase induction motor using model reference adaptive system

In this paper, a method for speed estimation of faulty three-phase induction motor (three-phase induction motor under stator winding open-phase fault) based on Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) is presented. The proposed method can be used for both healthy and faulty induction motors. In this method during normal condition the conventional MRAS is used to estimate motor speed. However, during the fault condition the conventional MRAS is switched to the novel algorithm based MRAS. This novel algorithm is designed based on the model of three-phase induction motor under open-phase fault. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed technique. This paper also compares the performance of conventional and proposed MRAS during open-phase fault

Effect of Elastic Therapeutic Taping on Abdominal Muscle Endurance in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized, Controlled, Single-Blind, Crossover Trial

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate effect of elastic therapeutic taping and sham taping of the abdominal musculature on maximum hold time of endurance tests in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP). Methods: Twenty-six people with CNLBP and 26 asymptomatic individuals were included in this study. The CNLBP participants were allocated to an elastic therapeutic tape group or a sham tape group. Standard adhesive elastic therapeutic tape was utilized for facilitatory application in the elastic therapeutic tape group. The elastic therapeutic tape group received real elastic therapeutic taping on the transversus abdominis and internal obliques, and the sham tape group received sham elastic therapeutic taping application. For the sham group, the elastic therapeutic tape was positioned horizontally above the navel and applied without tension. After a wash-out period, each CNLBP participant was switched to the other group. Outcome measures included maximum hold time of supine isometric chest raise, supine double straight-leg raise, and abdominal drawing in maneuver. Results: The CNLBP participants had lower maximum hold time compared to the asymptomatic individuals (P � .01). Following taping, both groups showed an increase in the maximum hold time (mean difference = 4.43 � 50.69 seconds; P � .02). Although there was no difference between the results of both groups (P � .12), effect sizes were large for the elastic therapeutic tape group (Cohen's d = �1.93 to �1.00). Conclusions: The results suggest that the maximum hold time of endurance tests was decreased in CNLBP patients compared to healthy participants. The application of both elastic therapeutic tape and sham tape to the transversus abdominis and internal obliques produced short-term improvement in abdominal endurance. There was no statistically significant difference between the results of elastic therapeutic tape and sham tape. © 201

Trunk�pelvis kinematics variability during gait and its association with trunk muscle endurance in patients with chronic low back pain

The first purpose was to investigate the trunk muscle endurance, the second aim was to evaluate the trunk�pelvis kinematics during gait, and the third was to evaluate the relationship between trunk�pelvis kinematics and the trunk muscle endurance. Thirty participants (15 nonspecific chronic low back pain NCLBP and 15 healthy) were included. The authors first assessed trunk muscle endurance on endurance testing protocols. The authors next measured the trunk�pelvis kinematics during gait using a 3-dimensional motion capture system. Angular displacement, waveform pattern (CVp), and offset variability (CVo) were also examined. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in (1) the trunk muscle endurance and (2) sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes CVp between groups (P < .05). A significant moderate correlation was found between supine double straight-leg raise and frontal CVp (r = .521, P = .03) and transverse planes CVp (r = .442, P = .05). However, a significant moderate correlation was observed between prone double straight-leg raise and sagittal plane CVp (r = .528, P = .03) and transverse plane CVp (r = .678, P = .001). The relationship between (1) lower trunk extensor endurance with transverse and sagittal planes CVp and (2) lower abdominal muscle endurance with transverse and frontal planes CVp suggests that gait variability in these planes may result because of trunk muscle deconditioning accompanying NCLBP. © 2020 Human Kinetics, Inc

Test-retest reliability of sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit analysis in people with and without chronic non-specific low back pain

Background: Sit-to-stand (STD) and stand-to-sit (SIT) analysis can provide information on functional independence in daily activities in patients with low back pain (LBP). However, in order for measurements to be clinically useful, data on psychometric properties should be available. Objectives: The main purpose was to investigate intra-rater reliability of STD and SIT tasks in participants with and without chronic non-specific LBP (CNLBP). The second purpose was to detect any differences in lumbar spine and hips sagittal plane kinematics and coordination between asymptomatic individuals and CNLBP patients during STD and SIT. Design: Cross-sectional study. Method: Twenty-three CNLBP patients and 23 demographically-matched controls were recruited. Ten markers were placed on specific anatomical landmarks. Participants were asked to perform STD and SIT at a preferred speed. Peak flexion angles, mean angular velocities, lumbar to hip movement ratios, and relative phase angles were measured. The procedure was repeated after 2 h and 6�8 days. Differences between two groups were analyzed using independent t-test. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 3,k), standard error of measurement (SEM), and limits of agreement (LOAs) were also estimated. Results: The ICC values showed moderate to excellent intra-rater reliability, with relatively low SEM values (�10.17°). The 95 LOAs demonstrated that there were no differences between the measured parameters. Furthermore, CNLBP patients had limited sagittal plane angles, smaller angular velocities, and lumbar-hip dis-coordination compared to asymptomatic participants. Conclusions: The results indicated moderate to excellent test-retest reliability of STD and SIT analysis. Moreover, CNLBP patients had altered kinematics during STD and its reverse. © 2017 Elsevier Lt