20 research outputs found

    Fuzzy identification of dynamic systems used for modeling of hearth assisting device POLVAD

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    W pracy zosta艂 przedstawiony spos贸b modelowania dynamicznych w艂a艣ciwo艣ci procesu z wykorzystaniem parametrycznych modeli rozmytych. Podej艣cie to zosta艂o zaprezentowane na przyk艂adzie badania dynamiki sztucznej protezy serca POLVAD, przeprowadzonego na podstawie licznych eksperyment贸w testowych. We wst臋pie opisano badany proces i podkre艣lono pewne w艂a艣ciwo艣ci o charakterze nieci膮g艂ego dzia艂ania, kt贸rych wyst臋powanie og贸lnie ogranicza zastosowanie opisu transmitancyjnego. Wyprowadzono podstawowe zale偶no艣ci do prowadzenia oblicze艅 parametrycznych modeli dynamicznych drog膮 oszacowa艅 statystycznych dla modeli liniowych parametrycznych oraz modeli rozmytych. Przedstawiono wyniki bada艅 optymalnego modelu liniowego i modelu rozmytego oraz przeprowadzono obszern膮 dyskusj臋 uzyskanych modeli. Uzyskany opis dynamiki badanego procesu odtwarza wszystkie istotne zachowania badanego procesu w spos贸b ca艂kowicie wystarczaj膮cy do prowadzenia bada艅 analizuj膮cych r贸偶ne algorytmy sterowania lub regulacji, jak r贸wnie偶 umo偶liwia wprowadzenie np. optymalizacji pracy zawor贸w steruj膮cych.The aim of paper was to describe an effective approach to modelling of dynamics an artificial heath chamber - ventricular assisting device (POLVAD). The precise model of this component is very important in proper design of supply and control system, that have to be safe and have long autonomic operation time. In the introduction a short presentation of parametric and fuzzy models was made, together with some aspects of good conditioning of numerical calculations. Next results of fuzzy identification of POLVAD were presented and discussed. Obtained model is very precise and can be used in fast prototyping mode at design of proper control

    Approximation of a linear dynamic process model using the frequency approach and a non-quadratic measure of the model error

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    The paper presents a novel approach to approximation of a linear transfer function model, based on dynamic properties represented by a frequency response, e.g., determined as a result of discrete-time identification. The approximation is derived for minimization of a non-quadratic performance index. This index can be determined as an exponent or absolute norm of an error. Two algorithms for determination of the approximation coefficients are considered, a batch processing one and a recursive scheme, based on the well-known on-line identification algorithm. The proposed approach is not sensitive to local outliers present in the original frequency response. Application of the approach and its features are presented on examples of two simple dynamic systems

    Inversion of Square Matrices in Processors With Limited Calculation Abillities

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    An iterative inversion algorithm for a class of square matrices is derived and tested. The inverted matrix can be defined over both real and complex fields. This algorithm is based only on the operations of addition and multiplication. The numerics of the algorithm can cope with a short number representation and therefore can be very useful in the case of processors with limited possibilities, like different neuro-computers and accelerator cards. The quality of inversion can be traced and tested. The algorithm can be used in the case of singular matrices, and then it automatically produces a result that contains the inverse of this part of the processed matrix which can be inverted. An example of the inversion of a six-order square matrix is presented and discussed

    Least-squares estimation for a long-horizon performance index

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    Estimation of a parametric, discrete-time model for a SISO dynamic plant, derived for minimisation of a performance index determined as a sum of squared prediction errors within some time horizon is considered. A formula for a Long-Horizon Least-Squares (LHLS) off-line solution as well as a theorem for an LHLS recursive on-line scheme are derived. The LHLS scheme reveals some features of Least-Squares (LS) estimation and Instrumental-Variable (IV) estimation. An algorithm for the on-line LHLS scheme is presented and compared with LS and IV estimation schemes for a linear, second-order system. The fast convergence of the derived LHLS on-line scheme is demonstrated in the case of detecting changes in parameters of a non-stationary system

    Dynamiczna modyfikacja warto艣ci zadanej w celu redukcji negatywnego wp艂ywu ogranicze艅 elementu wykonawczego w jedno-obwodowych uk艂adach regulacji PID

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    A modification of the PID digital controller algorithm, based on the introduction of a virtual reference value that never exceed active constraints in the actuator output is presented and investigated. This idea derived from virtual modification of a control error can be used in digital control systems subjected by both: magnitude and rate constraints. The adaptation (to the actuator constraints) is performed by a special transformation of the control error, and is equivalent to introduction of a new, virtual reference value for the control system. Simulation results for dynamic, linear SISO systems are presented for comparison of the proposed approach with used techniques.W pracy zostala przedstawiona modyfikacja dzia艂ania cyfrowego algorytmu PID, oparta na wprowadzeniu dynamicznie zmiennej warto艣ci zadanej, kt贸ra nie prowadzi do przekroczenia ogranicze艅 mo偶liwo艣ci elementu wykonawczego. Metoda jest oparta na dynamicznej modyfikacji odchy艂ki regulacji i mo偶e by膰 stosowana w uk艂adach regulacji o ograniczeniach amplitudy i pr臋dko艣ci zmian zespo艂u wykonawczego. Adaptacja uk艂adu (do ogranicze艅 aktuatora) jest r贸wnowa偶na dynamicznej modyfikacji warto艣ci zadanej. Wyniki bada艅 symulacyjnych, por贸wnuj膮ce efekty dzia艂ania metody z innymi modyfikacjami stosowanymi dla algorytmu PID s膮 zaprezentowane dla dw贸ch liniowych uk艂ad贸w dynamicznych

    Control error dynamic modification as an efficient tool for reduction of effects introduced by actuator constraints

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    A modification of digital controller algorithms, based on the introduction of a virtual reference value, which never exceeds active constraints in the actuator output is presented and investigated for some algorithms used in single-loop control systems. This idea, derived from virtual modification of a control error, can be used in digital control systems subjected to both magnitude and rate constraints. The modification is introduced in the form of on-line adaptation to the control task. Hence the design of optimal (in a specified sense) digital controller parameters can be separated from actuator constraints. The adaptation of the control algorithm (to actuator constraints) is performed by the transformation of the control error and is equivalent to the introduction of a new, virtual reference value for the control system. An application of this approach is presented through examples of three digital control algorithms: the PID algorithm, the dead-beat controller and the state space controller. In all cases, clear advantages of transients are observed, which yields some general conclusions to the problem of processing actuator constraints in control

    PExSim - nowe podej艣cie do badania dynamiki z艂o偶onych proces贸w i urz膮dze艅 przemys艂owych

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    An approach to dynamic systems investigation based on a simulation kernel with a different auxiliary function is described. A proposed methodology is focused on processes, working in a more or less complex technology environment and integrates different approaches for the simulation of components of the investigated systems. It is realised in the form of an elastic programmable software package. A basic assumption of this proposition was a possibility of connecting this software with a real environment using standard electronic interfaces for the software emulation of parts of the technologic system. The package structure is very flexible thanks to plugin technology. Plugins are objects can represent the following: parts of control at the direct and supervising level, actuators and controllers, data processing elements (transducers, measurement units or sensors), dynamic systems described by differential systems of known components or identified, statistic models of a dynamic part system or table represented relations. All these forms are integrated in one platform and will work in real time; hence, it will be possible to use them as complex models of technologic installation. Responses of this type of system can be used for the simulation of technologic system behaviour in different or even extreme states, the testing of alarm and safety software, the verification of intended control modifications, system prediction of future states of the system, the training of control staff, etc.Niniejszy artyku艂 opisuje metod臋 badania dynamiki system贸w w oparciu o 艂膮czon膮 symulacj臋 modeli tworzonych r贸偶nymi technikami. Zaproponowana metodologia jest przeznaczona g艂贸wnie dla proces贸w przemys艂owych. Artyku艂 opisuje elastyczne 艣rodowisko symulacji stworzone przez autor贸w w trakcie prac. Jednym z podstawowych za艂o偶e艅 podczas tworzenia oprogramowania by艂o umo偶liwienie prowadzenia symulacji w czasie rzeczywistym przy po艂膮czeniu z urz膮dzeniem (uk艂adem sterowania za pomoc膮 kart wej艣膰) wyj艣膰. Struktura pakietu umo偶liwia jego 艂atwe rozszerzanie dzi臋ki mechanizmowi wtyczek. Wtyczki implementuj膮 bloki odpowiadaj膮ce elementom uk艂adu sterowania, dokonuj膮ce przetwarzania sygna艂贸w, opisuj膮ce elementy wykonawcze czy te偶 cz臋艣ci instalacji technologicznej na bazie r贸wna艅 fizykochemicznych lub identyfikowanego, nieliniowego modelu rozmytego. Oprogramowanie mo偶na stosowa膰 do symulacji instalacji technologicznych w celach test贸w dzia艂ania system贸w alarmowych i bezpiecze艅stwa, weryfikacji uk艂ad贸w sterowania, przewidywania przysz艂ych stan贸w systemu czy te偶 szkolenia za艂ogi

    Zastosowanie pakietu PExSim do modelowania oraz symulacji ruchu manipulator贸w

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    The paper presents the Robotic Elements plugin for the PExSim which provides many functions that are required in robotics, and addresses areas such as kinematics, dynamics, and trajectory generation. The plugin is useful for research, modelling and simulation of robot manipulators. It can also be a powerful tool for education. A short presentation of blocks that are the part of the plugin, is included. Also a simple example of application is presented.W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiony jest plugin Robotic Elements dla pakietu PExSim, kt贸ry dostarcza wiele funkcji niezb臋dnych w dziedzinie robotyki oraz nauk z ni膮 zwi膮zanych takich jak kinematyka, dynamika oraz planowanie trajektorii. Przygotowany zestaw blok贸w stanowi u偶yteczne narz臋dzie do bada艅, modelowania oraz symulowania manipulator贸w. Mo偶e zosta膰 tak偶e wykorzystany do cel贸w edukacyjnych z dziedziny robotyki. W referacie zawarty jest opis poszczeg贸lnych blok贸w, kt贸re wchodz膮 w sk艂ad plugin-u. Ponadto przedstawiono przyk艂ad praktycznego zastosowania

    Identification of Low-Order Continuous-Time Models Via Discrete-Time Trends of Measurements

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    The paper deals with the problem of continuous-time (CT) identification of parameters in transfer functions for low-order linear systems, based on recorded discrete-time (DT) data. Algorithms for direct estimation of CT parameters are developed from rules for transformation of a CT transferfunction controlled via a zero-order sampling-and-hold unit into a DT representation.Two schemes are derived and tested: the first is based on the Goodwin transformation and the other is derived from the modified Tustin transformation. Both the approaches result in relations which can be used for direct estimationof CT parameters in a model of the investigated system. The numerical schemes contain some expressions that are reminiscent of DT differences and consequently they may magnify disturbances. Therefore the results of extensively testing both the schemes including different types of disturbances, measurement noise, slow varying drifts, measurement resolution errors together with changes in the sampling time are presented. A model of a pneumatic servomechanism system was used as a test plant

    Control in pneumatic positioning systems with minimal compressed air consumption

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    W pracy zwr贸cono uwag臋 na konieczno艣膰 redukcji emisji gaz贸w cieplarnianych oraz zasygnalizowano, w jaki spos贸b proces ten wp艂ywa na bran偶臋 pneumatycznej techniki nap臋dowej. Zaprezentowano oraz om贸wiono fundamentalne usprawnienia typowego pneumatycznego nap臋du pozycjonuj膮cego, kt贸re pozwalaj膮 na zmniejszenie zar贸wno aktywnego, jak i pasywnego zu偶ycia spr臋偶onego powietrza przez nap臋d pneumatyczny. Postulowane usprawnienia, np. zastosowanie szybkich zawor贸w prze艂膮czaj膮cych, uproszczonych przetwornik贸w po艂o偶enia oraz minimalizacja liczby prze艂膮cze艅 zawor贸w podczas procesu pozycjonowania, skutkowa艂y opracowaniem nie tylko specyficznej struktury samego nap臋du, ale tak偶e unikalnej strategii sterowania. Jej za艂o偶enia oraz sposoby parametryzacji zosta艂y og贸lnie zasygnalizowane i skomentowane. W celu wykazania wy偶szej efektywno艣ci energetycznej proponowanego pneumatycznego nap臋du pozycjonuj膮cego przedstawiono dane pochodz膮ce z eksperymentu por贸wnawczego. Rozwa偶any nap臋d zosta艂 por贸wnany z najpopularniejsz膮 realizacj膮 pneumatycznego nap臋du pozycjonuj膮cego, wykorzystuj膮cego regulator zmiennych stanu.The paper reminds the necessity of reducing the total green gases emission and outlines the impact of this process on the pneumatic drive technique trade. Fundamental improvements of the typical positioning pneumatic drive which allow to reduce both active and passive compressed air consumption were shortly presented and discussed. Taking into account proposed set of improvements e.g. the usage of fast switching valves, simplified position transducer and the need to minimise the number of valves switchovers resulted in developing not only specific drive structure but also a unique open-loop control strategy. Its principles and the methods of parameterisation were also presented and commented in general. In order to proof the energetic efficiency of the proposed positioning pneumatic drive the results of the comparative experiment were presented. The proposed drive was compared with the most popular realisation of the positioning pneumatic drive utilizing state space controller
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