Physician Compliance with Nutrition Support Team Recommendations: Effects on the Outcome of Treatment for Critically Ill Patients

Purpose Attending physicians in Korea are aware of the existence of the Nutrition Support Team (NST), but even when the NST are consulted, compliance with their recommendations may be low. This study was performed to identify physicians’ compliance with the NST advice and how this affected the outcome of treatment for critically ill patients. Methods This study was a retrospective observational study. Critically ill patients who were older than 18 years, younger than 90 years, and had been admitted and managed in the intensive care unit were selected for this study. Patients were assigned to either the compliance group or the non-compliance group according to physician compliance with the NST advice. Each group were compared using variables such as calorie supply, protein supply, laboratory findings, hospital stay, 30-day mortality, and survival rate. Results The compliance group (81% of cases) was supplied with a significantly higher energy (1,146.36 ± 473.45 kcal vs. 832.45 ± 364.28 kcal, p < 0.01) and a significantly higher protein (55.00 ± 22.30 g/day vs. 42.98 ± 24.46 g/day, p = 0.04) compared with the non-compliance group. There was no significant difference in the basic demographics between groups, although the compliance group had a better outcome in the 30-day mortality rate (8% vs. 26%, p = 0.02), and in survival beyond 1 year (Crude model, hazard ratio: 2.42, CI: 1.11–5.29). Conclusion Critically ill patients whose attending physician complied with the NST advice, received an increased energy intake and supply of protein which was positively associated with survival

Angleâ Insensitive and CMOSâ Compatible Subwavelength Color Printing

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134900/1/adom201600287_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134900/2/adom201600287.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134900/3/adom201600287-sup-0001-S1.pd

Candidate selection based on significance testing and its use in normalisation and scoring

ABSTRACT Log likelihood ratio normalisation and scoring methods have been studied by many researchers and have improved the performance of speaker identi cation systems. However, these studies have disadvantages: the recognised distorted speech segments are di erent for each speaker. Also the background model in log likelihood ratio normalisation is changed in each speech segment e v en for the same speaker. This paper presents two techniques. Firstly, candidate selection based on signi cance testing, which designs the background speaker model more accurately. And secondly, the scoring method, which recognises the same distorted speech segments for every speaker. We perform a n umber of experiments with the SPIDRE database

Photo-patternable and transparent films using cellulose nanofibers for stretchable origami electronics

Substantial progress in flexible or stretchable electronics over the past decade has extensively impacted various technologies such as wearable devices, displays and automotive electronics for smart cars. An important challenge is the reliability of these deformable devices under thermal stress. Different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) between plastic substrates and the device components, which include multiple inorganic layers of metals or ceramics, induce thermal stress in the devices during fabrication processes or long-term operations with repetitions of thermal cyclic loading-unloading, leading to device failure and reliability degradation. Here, we report an unconventional approach to form photo-patternable, transparent cellulose nanofiber (CNF) hybrid films as flexible and stretchable substrates to improve device reliability using simultaneous electrospinning and spraying. The electrospun polymeric backbones and sprayed CNF fillers enable the resulting hybrid structure to be photolithographically patternable as a negative photoresist and thermally and mechanically stable, presenting outstanding optical transparency and low CTE. We also formed stretchable origami substrates using the CNF hybrid that are composed of rigid support fixtures and elastomeric joints, exploiting the photo-patternability. A demonstration of transparent organic light-emitting diodes and touchscreen panels on the hybrid film suggests its potential for use in next-generation electronics.ope

Role of spinal cord alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain

Spinal cord α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) mediate acute spinal processing of nociceptive and non-nociceptive information, but whether and how their activation contributes to the central sensitization that underlies persistent inflammatory pain are still unclear. Here, we examined the role of spinal AMPARs in the development and maintenance of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced persistent inflammatory pain. Intrathecal application of two selective non-competitive AMPAR antagonists, CFM-2 (25 and 50 μg) and GYKI 52466 (50 μg), significantly attenuated mechanical and thermal hypersensitivities on the ipsilateral hind paw at 2 and 24 h post-CFA injection. Neither CFM-2 nor GYKI 52466 affected the contralateral basal responses to thermal and mechanical stimuli. Locomotor activity was not altered in any of the drug-treated animals. CFA-induced inflammation did not change total expression or distribution of AMPAR subunits GluR1 and GluR2 in dorsal horn but did alter their subcellular distribution. The amount of GluR2 was markedly increased in the crude cytosolic fraction and decreased in the crude membrane fraction from the ipsilateral L4–5 dorsal horn at 24 h (but not at 2 h) post-CFA injection. Conversely, the level of GluR1 was significantly decreased in the crude cytosolic fraction and increased in the crude membrane fraction from the ipsilateral L4–5 dorsal horn at 24 h (but not at 2 h) post-CFA injection. These findings suggest that spinal AMPARs might participate in the central spinal mechanism of persistent inflammatory pain