Associations of incident stroke by quartiles of fish consumption in 20,069 Dutch men and women¹.

<p>Abbreviations: HR: hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval.</p>1<p>Values are HR with 95% CI in quartiles (Q1–Q4) of fish intake, using Q1 as the reference category.</p>2<p>International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes were I60–I66 and G45 for total stroke; I63, I65, I66, and G45 for ischemic stroke and I60–I62 for hemorrhagic stroke.</p>3<p>Model 1: adjusted for age.</p>4<p>Model 2: additionally adjusted for smoking, BMI, educational level, parental history of myocardial infarction, alcohol intake, total energy intake, dietary fiber, vitamin C, beta-carotene, saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid.</p

Associations of incident coronary heart disease and stroke by quintiles of energy-adjusted ALA intake in 20,069 Dutch men and women¹.

<p>Footnotes <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0017967#pone-0017967-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p><p>ALA: alpha-linolenic acid; Q1–Q5: quintiles.</p>1<p>Values are hazard ratios (95% CI), with the first quintile as the reference category.</p>2<p>Model 1: adjusted for age and gender (n = 20,069).</p>3<p>Model 2: model 1 with additional adjustments for body mass index, total energy intake, cigarette smoking, educational level, parental history of myocardial infarction, alcohol intake (n = 19,896).</p>4<p>Model 3: model 2 with additional adjustments for intake of vitamin C, beta-carotene, fiber, saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids other than ALA (n = 19,896).</p

Baseline characteristics of 20,069 Dutch men and women, aged 20–65 y, by quartiles of EPA-DHA intake.

<p>Abbreviations: EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; HDL, High Density Lipoprotein; Q, quartiles.</p>1<p>University or higher vocation training.</p>2<p>Available for participants enrolled between 1994 and 1997 (n = 15,423).</p>3<p>Nonfasting.</p

Baseline characteristics of 20,069 Dutch men and women, aged 20–65 year, by quintiles of energy-adjusted ALA intake¹.

<p>Footnotes <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0017967#pone-0017967-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p><p>ALA: alpha-linolenic acid; Q1–Q5: quintiles; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid.</p>1<p>Values are means ± SD, unless indicated otherwise.</p>2<p>Median with interquartile range.</p>3<p>University or higher vocational training.</p>4<p>Available for participants enrolled between 1994 and 1997 (n = 15,423).</p>5<p>Nonfasting.</p

Associations of incident CHD and stroke by quintiles of energy-adjusted ALA intake from other sources than salad dressings in 20,069 Dutch men and women¹.

<p>Footnotes <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0017967#pone-0017967-t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a>.</p><p>ALA: alpha-linolenic acid; Q1–Q5: quintiles.</p>1<p>Values are hazard ratios (95% CI), with the first quintile as the reference category.</p>2<p>Analyses on ALA from other sources than salad dressings are adjusted for ALA in salad dressings in all models.</p>3<p>Model 1: adjusted for age and gender (n = 20,069).</p>4<p>Model 2: model 1 with additional adjustments for body mass index, total energy intake, cigarette smoking, educational level, parental history of myocardial infarction, alcohol intake (n = 19,896).</p>5<p>Model 3: model 2 with additional adjustments for intake of vitamin C, beta-carotene, fiber, saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids other than ALA (n = 19,896).</p>6<p>Model 4: model 3 with additional adjustment for raw vegetables (n = 19,896).</p

Associations of incident stroke by quartiles of EPA-DHA intake in 20,069 Dutch men and women¹.

<p>Abbreviations: EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.</p>1<p>Values are HR with 95% CI in quartiles (Q1–Q4) of EPA-DHA intake, using Q1 as the reference category.</p>2<p>International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes were I60–I66 and G45 for total stroke; I63, I65, I66, and G45 for ischemic stroke and I60–I62 for hemorrhagic stroke.</p>3<p>Model 1: adjusted for age.</p>4<p>Model 3: additionally adjusted for smoking, BMI, educational level, parental history of myocardial infarction, alcohol intake, total energy intake, dietary fiber, vitamin C, beta-carotene, saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid.</p

The association of incident total stroke by quintiles of energy-adjusted ALA intake ^1,2.

<p>¹ Hazard ratios (95% CI) with the first quintile as the reference category, adjusted for age, gender, body mass index total energy intake, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, education level, parental history of myocardial infarction, intake of vitamin C, beta-carotene, fiber, saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids other than ALA. ² ALA: alpha-linolenic acid; Q1–Q5: quintiles.</p

Incidence rates of total stroke and stroke subtypes in 20,069 Dutch men and women, aged 20–65 y.

<p>Abbreviation: TIA, transient ischemic attack.</p>1<p>Incidence rates per 10,000 person years.</p>2<p>International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes were I60–I66 and G45 for total stroke; I63, I65, I66, for ischemic stroke excluding TIA, G45 for TIA, and I60–I62 for hemorrhagic stroke.</p

Pooled relative risk of cholesterol ester alpha-linolenic acid and CHD risk.

<p>Pooled relative risk of cholesterol ester alpha-linolenic acid and CHD risk.</p

Pooled relative risk of cholesterol ester docosahexaenoic acid and CHD risk.

<p>Pooled relative risk of cholesterol ester docosahexaenoic acid and CHD risk.</p