Evaluation of age-standardized cancer burden in western Tamil Nadu, India

Background: The burden of cancer is growing globally and is one of the top leading causes of death. Information on cancer patterns is essential for effective planning of cancer control interventions. Aims and Objectives: The present cross sectional study aims to explore the patterns and trends of the cancer incidences in the western regions of Tamil Nadu, India including Coimbatore, Erode, Tiruppur, Salem, Namakkal and Nilgiris. Materials and Methods: A sum of 14392 cancer cases were recorded from the hospital based cancer registries of Coimbatore district. The cancer cases were segregated district-wise for specific cancer sites and the age-standardized incident rates were calculated for different age groups. Results: Coimbatore district recorded the highest number of incidences among all districts. Among all age-groups the adults aged 50-74 carry the highest burden of cancer. Among men, head and neck and gastrointestinal cancers are predominant while among women, breast and gynecological cancers are high. The age-standardized incidence rates were found to be higher in Coimbatore and least in Salem. Conclusion: Through this study, it is observed that Coimbatore district is under major threat and needs further investigation of risk factors for implementing optimized treatment and prevention strategies for reducing the adverse effects of cancer

Evaluation of age-standardized cancer burden in western Tamil Nadu, India

Background: The burden of cancer is growing globally and is one of the top leading causes of death. Information on cancer patterns is essential for effective planning of cancer control interventions. Aims and Objectives: The present cross sectional study aims to explore the patterns and trends of the cancer incidences in the western regions of Tamil Nadu, India including Coimbatore, Erode, Tiruppur, Salem, Namakkal and Nilgiris. Materials and Methods: A sum of 14392 cancer cases were recorded from the hospital based cancer registries of Coimbatore district. The cancer cases were segregated district-wise for specific cancer sites and the age-standardized incident rates were calculated for different age groups. Results: Coimbatore district recorded the highest number of incidences among all districts. Among all age-groups the adults aged 50-74 carry the highest burden of cancer. Among men, head and neck and gastrointestinal cancers are predominant while among women, breast and gynecological cancers are high. The age-standardized incidence rates were found to be higher in Coimbatore and least in Salem. Conclusion: Through this study, it is observed that Coimbatore district is under major threat and needs further investigation of risk factors for implementing optimized treatment and prevention strategies for reducing the adverse effects of cancer

A DEMOGRAPHIC APPROACH FOR UNDERSTANDING THE INCIDENCE OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE PATTERN: A STUDY IN NILGIRI DISTRICT OF TAMIL NADU

ABSTRACT The goal of the study was to estimate of Sickle cell disease by age, gender and ethnicity. Age-specific rates are used for comparing age-defined subgroups when rates are strongly age-dependent for tribes in Nilgiris. Newly screened sickle cell patients in 1997 to 2012 were identified among the tribes of Nilgiri district and the data was received from NGO's in the district. Incidence rate pr 100,000 person-years were calculated using direct method of age standardisation. A total of 2867 newly diagnosed (incident) cases of sickle cell disease were identified, which gave the overall age and gender specific and adjusted incidence rate of 48.5. The incidence of SCD rapidly increased over the age group of 0-14 (25.8 %), 15-24 (19.7 %) 25-49 (44.1 %), but only 0.2 % of the cases being under the age of group of 75 above. The rate for men (44.5) was higher than female (27.8). The overall age adjusted rate for both gender per 100,000 was highest among Irula (24.4, 95% CI: 23.2, 25.5) followed by Kurumba (13.1, 95% CI: 12.2, 13.9), Pannaiya (9.9, 95% CI: 9.1, 10.6) and Kattunaikan (0.98, 95% CI: 0.6, 1.1). The present study demonstrates the age variations of Sickle cell disease incidence among tribes of Nilgiris. Aging study to estimate the Sickle cell disease incidence rate and to assess vulnerable age groups to determine the severity of disease for further studies. Through this study target programmes and screening facilities may be concentrated based on tribal groups and age influences

Real-time polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis and management of HIV-induced uveitis

Intraocular (IO) inflammation in patients with Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection can be due to opportunistic infections, immune recovery uveitis, drugs used in the management or a primary manifestation of HIV itself. We studied the role of RT-PCR for HIV RNA in confirming the diagnosis of HIV induced uveitis and its useful in the management and follow-up of these patients

AI-driven techniques for controlling the metal melting production: a review, processes, enabling technologies, solutions, and research challenges

Artificial Intelligence has left no stone unturned, and mechanical engineering is one of its biggest consumers. Such technological advancements in metal melting can help in process simplification, hazard reduction, human involvement reduction & lesser process time. Implementing the AI models in the melting technology will ultimately help various industries, i.e., Foundry, Architecture, Jewelry Industry, etc. This review extensively sheds light on Artificial Intelligence models implemented in metal melting processes or the metal melting aspect, alongside explaining additive manufacturing as a competitor to the current melting processes and its advances in metal melting and AI implementations

Systematic review fracture resistance of endodontically treated posterior teeth restored with fiber reinforced composites- a systematic review

Abstract Background Large cavity designs and access cavities impair endodontically treated tooth fracture resistance. As the tooth’s strength is known to reduce significantly after the root canal treatment, occlusal loading as a result of functions such as chewing, biting and certain parafunctional tendencies makes the endodontically treated tooth vulnerable to fracture. Hence, after endodontic treatment, it is vital to give adequate and appropriate restorative material to avoid tooth fractures. Accordingly, the choice of such restorative material should be dictated by the property of fracture resistance. Objective The goal of this study was to conduct a systematic review and critical analysis of available data from in vitro studies examining the fracture resistance of endodontically treated posterior teeth restored with fiber-reinforced composites. Methodology The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRIS-MA) Statement was used to guide the reporting of this systematic review A comprehensive literature search was performed using MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and LILACS. A manual search of the reference lists of the articles was also performed. The databases provided a total of 796 studies from the electronic systematic search. The databases provided a total of 796 studies from the electronic systematic search. Two reviewers scrutinized the papers for eligibility based on inclusion/exclusion criteria and extracted data. The studies were assessed for their potential risk of bias. Based on modified JBI & CRIS (checklist for reporting in vitro studies) guidelines, along with the methodology and treatment objective, we have formulated 13 parameters specifically to assess the risk of bias. A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for qualitative analysis. Considering the high heterogeneity of the studies included, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Results The majority of the included studies had a moderate or high risk of bias. When compared to traditional hybrid composites, fiber-reinforced composites showed increased fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth in the majority of investigations. On the other hand, limited evidence was found for the bulk fill composites. Moreover, moderate evidence was found for the fracture resistance of inlays and fiber posts with fiber-reinforced composites for core build-up in endodontically treated teeth. No evidence could be found comparing the fracture resistance of endo crowns and fiber-reinforced composites in endodontically treated teeth. Conclusion According to the research, using fiber-reinforced composites instead of conventional hybrid composites improves the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. However, there was a high risk of bias in the research considered. No judgments could be reached about the superiority of one material over another based-on comparisons between other core restorations