Trauma And Violence Research Taking Stock In The 21St Century

Thirty years after the first national estimates of intimate partner violence were published, the field has reached such a level of maturity that complex questions can be posed and sophisticated research studies can be designed to answer them. Out of this body of research, one of the most important things that researchers have learned is that violence and trauma are experienced in different ways by different individuals and as a result, require different types of prevention and intervention approaches. With this greater understanding of the problems of violence and trauma, together with a commitment to inclusive and practical research, the field is poised to move forward toward the ultimate goal of violence prevention. © 2005 Sage Publications

Beyond High School: An Examination Of Hispanic Educational Attainment

Objective. Low educational attainment has been a barrier to the advancement of Hispanic Americans in the United States, and a number of explanations for this have been suggested. One group of explanations centers around Hispanic Americans\u27 use and exposure to English. A second group of explanations focuses more on socioeconomic disadvantages facing this population. Much of the research that looks at educational attainment among Hispanic Americans, however, does not consider Hispanic group differences. Methods. This research used the National Education Longitudinal Study, a stratified probability sample of approximately 24,000 students, to examine educational attainment among the 6,294 White non-Hispanic, and 492 Mexican, Cuban, and Puerto Rican youth included in all four waves of the survey. Results. The results suggest the importance of both the diversity of the Hispanic population and socioeconomic factors in explaining participation in postsecondary education. Conclusions. Effective policies targeted toward Hispanic educational attainment need to address economic circumstances of these students rather than focus primarily on language deficiencies or immigration status

Pregnancy And Domestic Violence: A Review Of The Literature

Pregnancy-related violence is a serious public health issue. Although there is a growing body of research on this subject, there are still many unanswered questions regarding the prevalence of this type of victimization, the risk factors, and the consequences. The purpose of this literature review is to organize and synthesize the interdisciplinary empirical research on pregnancy-related violence and to provide direction for both researchers and practitioners for future work in this area. © 2004, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved

Pregnancy And Violence Against Women: An Analysis Of Longitudinal Data

Results from research using hospital samples and anecdotal reports from victims have suggested that pregnancy may be a time of increased risk for assaults against women. Research using national probability samples, however, indicates that pregnant women may not be at greater risk for victimization than women who are not pregnant, once the analyses control for the effects of age. The current study used data from Waves 1 and 2 of the National Survey of Families and Households and focused on the relationship between pregnancy and four patterns of violence: no violence, persistent violence, violence cessation, and violence initiation. The sample included 3, 500 couples who were either married or cohabiting during the first wave of the study and who were still with the same partner during the second wave 5 years later. The results suggested that first pregnancy, as well as unplanned or unwanted pregnancy, was significantly associated with violence category

Police Involvement In Incidents Of Physical Assault: Analysis Of The Redesigned National Crime Victimization Survey

Police involvement in incidents of physical assaults against women has been the subject of considerable research. There is still some debate, however, about the relationship between the social structure of the incident and the level of involvement of the criminal justice system. Using the Redesigned National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS; U.S. Department of Justice, 1997), this paper looks at several different dimensions of the criminal justice system\u27s involvement in physical assaults against women including calling the police, police response, and arrest. Results suggest that police were more likely to become involved in first time incidents of physical assaults against women and incidents that involved injury. Differences between models, however, suggested that the involvement of the criminal justice system is a multidimensional process

Pregnancy and domestic violence: A review of the literature

Pregnancy-related violence is a serious public health issue. Although there is a growing body of research on this subject, there are still many unanswered questions regarding the prevalence of this type of victimization, the risk factors, and the consequences. The purpose of this literature review is to organize and synthesize the interdisciplinary empirical research on pregnancy-related violence and to provide direction for both researchers and practitioners for future work in this area. Key words: domestic violence, pregnancy ESTIMATES OF VIOLENCE against women suggest that almost 2 million women are physically assaulted annually and more than 50 million are assaulted in their lifetime (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000). Although the sheer magnitude of this problem has generated a great deal of interest on the part of the public health, advocate, and academic communities, it has only been recently that significant attention has been paid to the intricacies of the relationship between pregnancy and violence. And, although the research literature is growing every day, it is often difficult to determine the exact nature of pregnancy-related violence. This has posed difficulties for both researchers and practitioners, who need a clear understanding of the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and pregnancy to develop and implement effective prevention and intervention programs. The purpose of this literature review is to provide a framework for understanding the wide variety of research studies on the topic of pregnancy and violence. To incorporate information from the variety of disciplines in which research on pregnancyrelated violence takes place, the following database

Femicide And The Feminist Perspective

The gender disparity in intimate killings underscores the need for close attention to the phenomenon of intimate partner-perpetrated femicides and theories useful in understanding this pervasive and enduring problem. The most overarching paradigm used is that of the feminist perspective. The purpose of this article is to review the tenets of feminist theory as the most viable and efficacious framework for understanding and explaining intimate partner-perpetrated femicide, to highlight empirical evidence supporting the strength and value of this perspective, to address the contentions of those in opposition to this perspective, and to provide research and policy implications targeted at greater understanding, and, ultimately, lower rates of femicide. © 2011 SAGE Publications

Intimate Partner Assault And Structural-Level Correlates Of Crime: Exploring The Relationship Between Contextual Factors And Intimate Partner Violence

Drawing from social disorganization theory, the relationship between correlates of social disorganization theory and intimate partner aggravated assaults are explored. Specifically, the current study presents a descriptive picture of intimate partner violence from a police perspective, and investigates the relationship between structural-level factors and the criminal offense intimate partner aggravated assault. A descriptive analysis of intimate partner assaults and multiple negative binomial regression models are estimated using the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) and the American Community Survey (ACS) to explore the relationship between structural factors and intimate partner violence. The primary sample includes 7290 intimate partner aggravated assaults across 227 counties in two states, Tennessee and Virginia. Concentrated disadvantage, immigrant concentration, and urbanity were all significantly associated with intimate partner assaults in the expected directions. The results indicated that the more social disorganization within a given county, the higher the likelihood of intimate partner assaults. The findings provide evidence that structural-level factors associated with social disorganization theory contribute to increased intimate partner assaults. The findings suggest that specific correlates of social disorganization are positively associated with intimate partner assaults, and lend support for the theory of social disorganization in explaining intimate partner violence