Biochemical effect evaluation of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid-contaminated wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus).

Wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) were captured at Blokkersdijk, a nature reserve in the immediate vicinity of a fluorochemical plant in Antwerp, Belgium, and at Galgenweel, 3 kilometers farther away. The liver perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) concentrations in the Blokkersdijk mice were extremely high (0.47-178.55 micro g/g wet weight). Perfluorononanoic, perfluorodecanoic, perfluoroundecanoic, and perfluorododecanoic acids were found sporadically in the liver tissue of the Blokkersdijk mice. The liver PFOS concentrations at Galgenweel were significantly lower than those at Blokkersdijk (0.14-1.11 micro g/g wet weight). Further results suggest sex independence of the liver PFOS levels, increased levels of PFOS bioaccumulation in older mice, and maternal PFOS transfer to the young. Several liver end points were significantly elevated in the Blokkersdijk mice: liver weight, relative liver weight, peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity, microsomal lipid peroxidation level, and mitochondrial fraction protein content. For the mitochondrial fraction catalase activity, no significant difference between locations was found. The liver weight, relative liver weight, and liver microsomal lipid peroxidation level increased significantly with the liver PFOS concentration. No indications for PFOS-mediated effects on the serum triglyceride, cholesterol, or potassium levels were obtained. The liver PFOS concentration was negatively related to the serum alanine aminotransferase activity

Lectotype designation and discussion on the type material of three closely related Chrysomelid species : Phyllotreta dilatata Thomson, 1866, Phyllotreta flexuosa (Illiger, 1794) and Phyllotreta tetrastigma (Comolli, 1837) (Col., Chrysomelidae)

Verdyck Peter, Bruyn Luc De, Hulselmans Jan, Scheirs Jan. Lectotype designation and discussion on the type material of three closely related Chrysomelid species : Phyllotreta dilatata Thomson, 1866, Phyllotreta flexuosa (Illiger, 1794) and Phyllotreta tetrastigma (Comolli, 1837) (Col., Chrysomelidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 100 (3), août 1995. p. 298

Lectotype designation and discussion on the type material of three closely related Chrysomelid species : Phyllotreta dilatata Thomson, 1866, Phyllotreta flexuosa (Illiger, 1794) and Phyllotreta tetrastigma (Comolli, 1837) (Col., Chrysomelidae)

Verdyck Peter, Bruyn Luc De, Hulselmans Jan, Scheirs Jan. Lectotype designation and discussion on the type material of three closely related Chrysomelid species : Phyllotreta dilatata Thomson, 1866, Phyllotreta flexuosa (Illiger, 1794) and Phyllotreta tetrastigma (Comolli, 1837) (Col., Chrysomelidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 100 (3), août 1995. p. 298