sj-docx-1-tan-10.1177_17562864241239123 – Supplemental material for Development of an algorithm for identifying paraneoplastic ischemic stroke in association with lung, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tan-10.1177_17562864241239123 for Development of an algorithm for identifying paraneoplastic ischemic stroke in association with lung, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer by Rebecca Kassubek, Marc-Andre G. R. Winter, Jens Dreyhaupt, Mona Laible, Jan Kassubek, Albert C. Ludolph and Jan Lewerenz in Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders</p

Location of ROIs for FA-value calculation in the septohippocampal nucleus (ROI I), in the corpus callosum (ROI II), and in the medial septal nucleus (ROI III).

<p>Directional information was incorporated by color coding the scalar FA map with the red, green and blue colors to label the left-right, ventral-dorsal, and caudal-rostral directions, respectively. FA-display threshold was 0.2.</p

FT results for seed points in the genu and along the corpus callosum, near the lateral septal nucleus, and in the olfactory path.

<p><b>Left column:</b> Location of the seed points. <b>Columns 2–4:</b> FT for mouse 1 with different scanning protocols (SP). <b>Columns 5–6:</b> FT for mice 2 and 3, respectively, with SP A (35 minute scan).</p

Brain array coil (left) vs. cryogenic cooled resonator (CCR – right).

<p><b>Upper panel:</b> (b = 0) anatomical images (axial slice and coronal reconstruction) used for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation: ROI 1 (r = 20 voxels) is located in a region without signal in order to estimate the noise, ROI 2 (r = 5 mm) is located in the ventricles in order to estimate the signal intensity in a region with high (b = 0)-signal. <b>Lower panel:</b> Directional encoded color maps of FA (axial slice and coronal reconstruction) - directional information was incorporated by color coding the scalar FA map with the red, green and blue colors to label the left-right, ventral-dorsal, and caudal-rostral directions, respectively.</p

Statistical analysis.

<p><b>Left panel</b> – ROI analysis: FA-values (standard deviation as error bars) for different mice with different scanning protocols (SP) (c<i>olors red, green, blue represent scanning protocols A,B,C, respectively)</i> and coefficients of variance (CV) averaged for 3 different ROIs in 3 different mice for the 3 scanning protocols. <b>Right panel</b> – TFAS: FA-values (standard deviation as error bars) for different mice with different scanning protocols (SP) (c<i>olors red, green, blue represent scanning protocols A,B,C, respectively)</i> and coefficients of variance (CV) averaged for 3 different TFAS in 3 different mice for the 3 scanning protocols.</p

Adipose Tissue Distribution Predicts Survival in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

<div><p>Background</p><p>amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to death within a few years after diagnosis. Malnutrition and weight loss are frequent and are indexes of poor prognosis. Total body fat and fat distribution have not been studied in ALS patients.</p><p>Objectives</p><p>Our aim was to describe adipose tissue content and distribution in ALS patients.</p><p>Design</p><p>We performed a cross-sectional study in a group of ALS patients (n = 62, mean disease duration 22 months) along with age and gender matched healthy controls (n = 62) using a MRI-based method to study quantitatively the fat distribution.</p><p>Results</p><p>Total body fat of ALS patients was not changed as compared with controls. However, ALS patients displayed increased visceral fat and an increased ratio of visceral to subcutaneous fat. Visceral fat was not correlated with clinical severity as judged using the ALS functional rating scale (ALS-FRS-R), while subcutaneous fat in ALS patients correlated positively with ALS-FRS-R and disease progression. Multiple regression analysis showed that gender and ALS-FRS-R, but not site of onset, were significant predictors of total and subcutaneous fat. Increased subcutaneous fat predicted survival in male patients but not in female patients (p<0.05).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Fat distribution is altered in ALS patients, with increased visceral fat as compared with healthy controls. Subcutaneous fat content is a predictor of survival of ALS patients.</p></div

Characteristics of patients and controls.

<p>Characteristics of patients and controls.</p

Workflow of the iterative normalization process and the whole brain-based spatial statistics.

<p>(<b>A</b>) (i) recorded data were transformed into a 50 µm isogrid (nearest neighbor interpolation). (ii) after linear transformation according to manually set landmarks identified using a stereotaxic mouse atlas (iii) scanner- and sequence specific b0- and FA-templates were created. (iv) data were non-linearily normalized and templates were created (v) in an iterative process. (<b>B</b>) whole brain-based spatial statistics (WBSS) was performed after a quality check (vi) to eliminate motion corrupted volumes. After eddy-current correction, DTI-metrics were calculated (vii). Smoothing of the DTI-metrics maps (viii), statistical voxelwise comparison (ix), correction for multiple comparisons (x), and clustering (xi) lead to significant group differences.</p

Subcutaneous fat content correlates with functional status of ALS patients.

<p>Correlations among Total (FC_MRI, A), subcutaneous (subFC_MRI, B), visceral (visFC_MRI, C) fat content in MRI scans and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale scores (ALS-FRS-R). <i>p</i> values and the corresponding correlation coefficients (<i>r</i>) are indicated. If the correlation coefficient is positive, the two variables tend to increase or decrease together.</p

Resulting clusters obtained by whole brain-based spatial statistics (WBSS) of MD, RD, and AD maps from APP mice compared to wt mice (cluster size in pixels).

<p>Resulting clusters obtained by whole brain-based spatial statistics (WBSS) of MD, RD, and AD maps from APP mice compared to wt mice (cluster size in pixels).</p