A General Framework for Well-Structured Graph Transformation Systems

Graph transformation systems (GTSs) can be seen as wellstructured transition systems (WSTSs), thus obtaining decidability results for certain classes of GTSs. In earlier work it was shown that wellstructuredness can be obtained using the minor ordering as a well-quasiorder. In this paper we extend this idea to obtain a general framework in which several types of GTSs can be seen as (restricted) WSTSs. We instantiate this framework with the subgraph ordering and the induced subgraph ordering and apply it to analyse a simple access rights management system.Comment: Extended version (including proofs) of a paper accepted at CONCUR 201

Profit Sharing, Wage Formation and Flexible Outsourcing under Labor Market Imperfection

We combine profit sharing and outsourcing, if the wage for worker is decided by a labor union to analyze how does the implementation of profit sharing affect individual effort and the bargained wage and thus outsourcing? We find that profit sharing and the wage level have an individual effort-augmenting effect and therefore increase productivity. We also find that the wage effect of profit sharing is ambiguous. There is a wage decreasing substitution effect, but on the other hand, there is a wage increasing effect via labor demand elasticity so that outsourcing and employment effects are also ambiguous.flexible outsourcing, profit sharing, employee effort, labor market imperfection

Does International Outsourcing Really Lower Workers' Income?

We analyze the impact of international outsourcing on income, if the domestic labor market is imperfect. We distinguish in our analysis between the case where the parties negotiate over the wage only and where they negotiate over both wage and profit share. We find that in the first case outsourcing will reduce (increase) workers' income, if the labor union’s bargaining power is sufficiently high (low) and outsourcing will increase workers' income in the second case. For the amount of optimal international outsourcing, we find that it is in a pure wage bargaining system positively (negatively) affected by a sufficiently high (low) labor union's bargaining power, while in a wage and profit share bargaining system, a higher union's bargaining power decreases the optimal amount of outsourcing.labor market imperfection, profit sharing, strategic outsourcing

The Role of Profit Sharing in a Dual Labour Market with Flexible Outsourcing

We analyze the following questions associated with flexible outsourcing under partly imperfect dual domestic labour markets, where high skilled workers participate in firm's profit via profit sharing: How does the implementation of profit sharing influence flexible outsourcing? What is the relationship between outsourcing cost, profit sharing and wages? We show that profit sharing has a positive effect on low skilled wage and thus an outsourcing enhancing character. The wages of both types of labour are negatively correlated and lower outsourcing cost can increase the wage dispersion by decreasing the low skilled wage and raising the high skilled wage. The overall effect of profit sharing on high skilled wage is ambiguous due to a positive direct effect and a negative indirect effect via the low skilled wage.profit sharing, dual labour market, flexible outsourcing, labour market imperfection, employee effort

Can Profit Sharing Lower Flexible Outsourcing? A Note

We analyze the following question associated with flexible outsourcing under imperfect domestic labour market: How does the implementation of profit sharing influence flexible outsourcing? We show that in general profit sharing has a negative effect on low skilled wage and thus an outsourcing decreasing character. However due to labour union determination of effort a constant effort level will result so that in this case firm's optimal choice of profit sharing is zero.flexible outsourcing, profit sharing, labour market imperfection

Flexible Outsourcing, Profit Sharing and Equilibrium Unemployment

We analyze the questions associated with flexible outsourcing both with committed and flexible profit sharing under imperfect domestic labour markets. How does profit sharing influence flexible outsourcing? What is the relationship between outsourcing cost, profit sharing and equilibrium unemployment, when profit sharing is also a part of the compensation schemes in other industries? In the case of committed profit sharing, outsourcing cost increases wage. Optimal flexible profit sharing is smaller than in the absence of outsourcing, but outsourcing cost and wage will have ambiguous effect on optimal flexible profit sharing. Implementing profit sharing can help to avoid outsourcing due to a direct productivity effect and a wage effect. For equilibrium unemployment the effects of outsourcing cost and profit sharing are ambiguous both in case of committed and flexible profit sharing. In the case of zero effort elasticity there is no committed or flexible profit sharing in the absence or presence of outsourcing and in this case lower outsourcing cost will decrease unemployment.flexible outsourcing, profit sharing, labour market imperfection, employee effort, equilibrium unemployment

The Role of Profit Sharing in a Dual Labour Market with Flexible Outsourcing

We analyze the following questions associated with flexible outsourcing under partly imperfect dual domestic labour markets, where high skilled workers participate in firm’s profit via profit sharing: How does the implementation of profit sharing influence flexible outsourcing? What is the relationship between outsourcing cost, profit sharing and wages? We show that profit sharing has a positive effect on low skilled wage and thus an outsourcing enhancing character. The wages of both types of labour are negatively correlated and lower outsourcing cost can increase the wage dispersion by decreasing the low skilled wage and raising the high skilled wage. The overall effect of profit sharing on high skilled wage is ambiguous due to a positive direct effect and a negative indirect effect via the low skilled wage.flexible outsourcing, dual labour market, profit sharing, labour market imperfection, employee effort

Can Profit Sharing Lower Flexible Outsourcing? A Note

We analyze the following question associated with flexible outsourcing under imperfect domestic labour market: How does the implementation of profit sharing influence flexible outsourcing? We show that in general profit sharing has a negative effect on low skilled wage and thus an outsourcing decreasing character. However due to labour union determination of effort a constant effort level will result so that in this case firm’s optimal choice of profit sharing is zero.flexible outsourcing, profit sharing, labour market imperfection

Profit Sharing, Wage Formation and Flexible Outsourcing under Labor Market Imperfection

We combine profit sharing and outsourcing, if the wage for worker is decided by a labor union to analyze how does the implementation of profit sharing affect individual effort and the bargained wage and thus outsourcing? We find that profit sharing and the wage level have an individual effort-augmenting effect and therefore increase productivity. We also find that the wage effect of profit sharing is ambiguous. There is a wage decreasing substitution effect, but on the other hand, there is a wage increasing effect via labor demand elasticity so that outsourcing and employment effects are also ambiguous.employee effort, profit sharing, flexible outsourcing, labor market imperfection

The Role of Profit Sharing in Dual Labour Markets with Flexible Outsourcing

We combine profit sharing for high-skilled workers and outsourcing of low-skilled tasks in partly imperfect dual domestic labour markets, when the wage rate for low-skilled worker is set by a labor union, to analyze how the implementation of profit sharing influence flexible outsourcing and low-skilled labour market outcome. Profit sharing has a positive effect on the low-skilled wage and thus an outsourcing enhancing character. Profit sharing for high-skilled workers increases the low-skilled wage and helps to decrease the wage dispersion. Concerning the employment effects there is an employment reducing effect due to higher low-skilled wage, which can be offset by the employment increasing effect of higher effort of the high-skilled worker. Therefore, the employment effects of profit sharing are ambiguous.flexible outsourcing, profit sharing, dual labour market, employee effort