Quantitative evaluation of degenerated tendon model using combined optical coherence elastography and acoustic radiation force method

Damage of collagen fibers in tendons is often directly related to changes in a tendon’s mechanical properties. Direct quantitative elasticity measurement of tendons will provide important information in tendon dysfunction diagnosis and treatment assessment. A feasibility study of quantifying the mechanical properties of a degenerated tendon model by a nondestructive imaging modality, which combines optical coherence elastography and acoustic radiation force (ARF) method, is presented. The degenerated tendon model was produced by the partial degradation of chicken tendons through incubation with collagenase at different concentrations and incubation times. A 30-kHz longitudinal ultrasound transducer was used to provide an ARF signal, which was detected by an ultra-high sensitive phase sensitive optical coherence tomography (PhS-OCT) system. The experimental results demonstrate that the combination of ARF method and PhS-OCT can measure the elasticity of tendon quantitatively. The corresponding changes in tendon elasticity due to the application of collagenase have been revealed by this new imaging modality. This method can potentially be used in the assessment of tissue engineering products and in the diagnosis and treatment progression of tendon diseases

A hydraulically driven colonoscope

BACKGROUND: Conventional colonoscopy requires a high degree of operator skill and is often painful for the patient. We present a preliminary feasibility study of an alternative approach where a self-propelled colonoscope is hydraulically driven through the colon. METHODS: A hydraulic colonoscope which could be controlled manually or automatically was developed and assessed in a test bed modelled on the anatomy of the human colon. A conventional colonoscope was used by an experienced colonoscopist in the same test bed for comparison. Pressures and forces on the colon were measured during the test. RESULTS: The hydraulic colonoscope was able to successfully advance through the test bed in a comparable time to the conventional colonoscope. The hydraulic colonoscope reduces measured loads on artificial mesenteries, but increases intraluminal pressure compared to the colonoscope. Both manual and automatically controlled modes were able to successfully advance the hydraulic colonoscope through the colon. However, the automatic controller mode required lower pressures than manual control, but took longer to reach the caecum. CONCLUSIONS: The hydraulic colonoscope appears to be a viable device for further development as forces and pressures observed during use are comparable to those used in current clinical practice