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عکسالعمل متقابل بین رشد اقتصادی و کیفیت محیط زیست موضوع بحث برانگیزی است که از دهه 1990 مورد توجه قرار گرفت. پژوهشهای تجربی دربارة رابطه بین درآمد سرانه و انواع (مختلف) آلودگی متمرکز شدهاست، بنابراین پیشرفت فنی و سیاست محیطزیستی نادیده گرفته شده است. این مقاله برای نخستین بار (در ایران) یک مدل شبیهسازی پویا برای تحلیل کمی سیاست محیط زیستی در ایران ارائه میکند. در این مدل با استفاده از معادلات عرضه و تقاضای انرژی، مسیر انتشار آلایندههای زیستمحیطی شبیهسازی میشود. معادله تقاضای انرژی تابعی از قیمت، درآمد و جمعیت است که به روش حداقل مربعات معمولی تخمین زده میشود. در معادله عرضه دو حالت مجزا برای فناوریهای آلودهکننده موجود و فناوریهای با آلودگی کم در نظر گرفته میشود. مدل برای سه آلاینده (دی اکسید کربن، اکسیدهای گوگرد و ذرات معلق) با توجه به سناریوهای مختلف شبیهسازی میشود. نتایج نشان میدهد درآمد همچنان یک متغیر مهم در تعیین مقدار انتشارآلودگی است و با اعمال سیاست محیط زیستی جانشینی گاز طبیعی با فرآوردههای نفتی میتوان زودتر از آنچه منحنی محیط زیستی کوزنتز نشان میدهد، آلایندهها را کاهش داد ولی این به معنای استفاده بیرویه از این انرژی تجدیدپذیر نیست؛ بنابراین با اتخاذ سیاستهای مناسب قیمتی و سرمایهگذاری در فناوریهای پاک میتوان آلودگی را همراه با افزایش درآمد کاهش داد

The Relationship between Distribution of Income and Health Economy in Iran

This paper studies the reciprocal effects of the two important socioeconomic   issues, i.e. inequality of income- health through definition of two indices of health in 30 provinces of the country during 1982-2006. Evaluation of the model in the framework of the said analytical and consolidated data is stable in Pool System and fixed effects method. Although health depends on both factors of average income and income inequality, but based on the investigations, the society health is more influenced by income inequality.  Therefore, we can see more health in the society with lower income inequality. The inter-provincial studies performed in various income groups shows that the income inequality is more effective on health of society in the provinces with high and low income.   The general conclusions gained from social variables indicate that health situation has positive correlation with education or training; health care and number of insured and also health has strong negative correlation with income inequality and finally weak positive correlation with income average

Analysis of The Effect of Taxes on The Relationship between Financial Markets and Economical Growth

The relationship between financial markets and the economic growth is a subject that has obviously been observed by many economists since the lifetime of Joseph Schumpeter. There have been various analyses and opinions on the development of financial markets and their effects on economic growth, and various conclusions have been achieved through experimental studies.  Some theoreticians view religious and cultural condition of countries as the factors of satisfactory effects on economical growth. Others believe bureaucracy and political establishment to be the main causes of such growth, while another group believes that the economic policy and strategies of each country play roles. The present article emphasizes the effect of taxes on the relationship between financial markets and economic growth in a model of endogenous growth. This effectiveness will be analyzed for period of (1992-2008). In this analysis, the study of panel data of more than 65 countries in the world signifies that taxes have negative effects and the development of commercial interactions has positive effects on the relationship between financial markets and economic growth. of Course, empirical findings of the study do not indicate significant relationship between taxes, financial markets and economic growth in the middle east countries

A Structured Vector Autoregressive (VAR) for Iranian Economy

This paper is based on a cointegrated I(2) and I(1) variables models money, price, output, real effective exchange rate and interest rates in Iran over period 1990 quarter 1-2006 quarter 4. The empirical findings demonstrated long-run homogeneity between price and money was broken down and the hypothesis of  the stable money demand relationship was  not confirmed in the period, instead of this we found a relation which determines inflation  based on  liquidity ratio and real effective exchange rate. Money supply growth significantly explains output growth in the period. In addition, the paper provides further insights about the effects of financial repression on output and determining the behavior of opportunity cost of money in Iran

A Comparative Study of Iran’s Electricity Market Auction Mechanism and System Marginal Price Auction Mechanism

The present article discusses the impacts of selecting between different common auctions in electricity markets (system marginal price auction and pay as bid auction) on production efficiency, total efficiency and average expected price in an asymmetric information situation, where each player’s information about the marginal cost of the competitor is incomplete. A simple model is designed to conduct the comparative study of alternative auction mechanisms. The model is based on two profit maximizing players, with full information about their own marginal cost and incomplete information about their competitor. Assumptions which have been used to construct the model are based on Iran’s electricity market structure. The outcome indicates that although players bid functions in alternative auction mechanism differ from each other, the production efficiency, total efficiency and the average expected price are equivalent