Integrated Fungicidal Management for Downy Mildew of Pumpkin (Pseudoperonospora cubensis)

Downy mildew of pumpkin is caused by the fungus (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), which is responsible for considerable damage to the cucurbits. This pathogen plays a major role for yield losses in pumpkin crop. Current study was intended to verify the effectiveness of different fungicides alone and in combination against downy mildew of pumpkin. Diseased samples were collected for inoculation from different farms of Okara district. A pumpkin variety (Mahadeev) was inoculated by spraying method grown at experimental area of the Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad under randomized complete block design (RCBD). Selected chemotherapeutic mixtures were sprayed for the control of (Pseudoperonaspora cubensis) under field condition. The data were recorded and analyzed statistically. Ipovalicarb (s) + Propanib (P) revealed maximum efficacy against disease (60%) followed by Tebuconazole (s) + Metiram (p) (58%) and Matlaxyal (s) + Mancozeb (p) (55%), Cymoxinal (s) + Mancozeb (p) (52%), Difenconazole (s) + Mancozeb (p) (46%) and Chlorothalonil (p) + Fosytyle Al (39%) respectively. Thus, Ipovalicarb (s) + Propanib (P) can be used to manage the disease under field conditions.Â

Integrated Fungicidal Management for Downy Mildew of Pumpkin (Pseudoperonosporacubensis)

Downy mildew of pumpkin is caused by the fungus (Pseudoperonosporacubensis), which is responsible for considerable damage to the cucurbits. This pathogen plays a major role for yield losses in pumpkin crop. Current study was intended to verify the effectiveness of different fungicides alone and in combination against downy mildew of pumpkin. Diseased samples were collected for inoculation from different farms of Okara district. A pumpkin variety (Mahadeev) was inoculated by spraying method grown at experimental area of the Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad under randomized complete block design (RCBD). Selected chemotherapeutic mixtures were sprayed for the control of (Pseudoperonasporacubensis) under field condition. The data were recorded and analyzed statistically. Ipovalicarb (s) + Propanib (P) revealed maximum efficacy against disease (60%) followed by Tebuconazole (s) + Metiram (p) (58%) and Matlaxyal (s) + Mancozeb (p) (55%), Cymoxinal (s) + Mancozeb (p) (52%), Difenconazole (s) +Mancozeb (p) (46%) and Chlorothalonil (p) + Fosytyle Al (39%) respectively. Thus, Ipovalicarb (s) + Propanib (P) can be used to manage the disease under field conditions

A parallel implementation of the Finite-Domain Time-Difference algorithm using MPJ express

This paper presents and evaluates a parallel Java imple-mentation of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method, which is a widely used numerical technique in computational electrodynamics. The Java version is par-allelized using MPJ Express—a thread-safe messaging li-brary. MPJ Express provides a full implementation of the mpiJava 1.2 API specification. This specification defines a MPI-like binding for the Java language. This paper de-scribes our experiences of implementing the Java version of the FDTD method. Towards the end of this paper, we evaluate and compare the performance of the Java version against its C counterpart on a 32 processing core Linux cluster of eight compute nodes.

Physiological and Biochemical Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) to Exogenic Application of Boron under Drought Stress

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, during autumn 2011 to determine the response of maize to foliar application of boron under water stress conditions. The experimental site is located at 73.09 0 E longitudes, 31.25 0 N latitudes with semi-arid and sub-tropical climate. Foliar spray showed a non-significant effect on water relations parameters. No significant interaction was found among stress levels and treatments. Stress levels showed significant differences in P concentration. Imposition of water stress significantly reduced the leaf K + concentration in contrast with boron foliar application which increased its concentration.The results showed that water stress and boron foliar application both significantly affected phosphorus contents. Stress levels were significantly varied in B concentration. Application of boron significantly affected the stem amylase activity in both S 1 and S 2 stress level and interaction among the stress levels and boron foliar application was non-significant. The effect of stress levels on stem amylase concentration was non-significant. A significant effect of boron foliar application was observed on stem protein concentration in all stress levelswhile interaction among the stress levels and boron foliar application was non-significant.The effect of stress levels on stem protein concentration was non-significant. Application of B significantly affected the stem total soluble sugars in both stress levels S 1 and S 2 while interaction among the stress levels and boron foliar application was non-significant

Bacillus species as versatile weapons for plant pathogens: a review

Plant pathogens are the main threat for profitable agricultural productivity. Currently, chemical-based pesticides are thought to be an effective and reliable agricultural management measure for controlling pests. Chemical pesticides are highly effective and convenient to use but they are a potential threat for the environment and all kinds of life on earth. Therefore, the use of biological control agents for the management of plant pathogens is considered as a safer and sustainable strategy for safe and profitable agricultural productivity. Bacillus-based biocontrol agents play a fundamental role in the field of biopesticides. Many Bacillus species have proved to be effective against a broad range of plant pathogens. They have been reported as plant growth promoter, systemic resistance inducer, and used for production of a broad range of antimicrobial compounds (lipopeptides, antibiotics and enzymes) and competitors for growth factors (space and nutrients) with other pathogenic microorganisms through colonization. The aim of this article is to present the biocontrol potential of Bacillus species in relation with their antagonizing attributes against plant pathogens. These attributes include production of lipopeptides, antibiotics and enzymes as well as plant growth promotion and systemic induced resistance

Screening, identification, optimization of fermentation conditions, and extraction of secondary metabolites for the biocontrol of Rhizoctonia Solani AG-3

In this study a strain of Streptomyces sp. was isolated from soil and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. The strain was screened for antibiotics production effective against biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 to cure the target spot disease in tobacco. For enhance production of secondary metabolites, central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM) was applied in submerged fermentation. The maximum metabolite production was using medium volume of 55 mL in 250 mL flask, agitation speed of 165 rpm, incubation temperature 30 °C, initial medium pH of 6.8 and inoculum size of 7%. Solvent extraction method was used to extract the secondary metabolites and active compounds were purified by silica gel column chromatography. The purified fractions were further investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis showed 48 compounds, among them 12 were active against pathogen. These findings indicated that the strain Streptomyces TA 1123 was a potential antagonist against R. solani AG-3