Mean proportions of correctly repeated words by Dutch listeners.

<p>The data are collapsed over exposure/test regional accent (Scottish or Australian English), for new and previously heard items and for each of the exposure conditions: no subtitles, English subtitles, or Dutch subtitles, or no prior exposure to the test accent (Control). Error bars are ±1 Standard Error of the mean. ** = p<.01; * = p<.05. There were three key findings: (1) Exposure to an unfamiliar foreign regional accent improves speech understanding; (2) Native-language subtitles help recognition of previously heard words but harm recognition of new words; (3) Foreign-language subtitles improve repetition of previously heard and new words, the latter demonstrating lexically-guided retuning of perception.</p

(A) RTs for the Melodic Interval Speeded Classification task and (B) RTs for the Phonological Speeded Classification task in the Redundant (Redun), Baseline (Base) and Orthogonal (Ortho) Conditions.

<p>Error bars represent standard error of the mean.</p

Mean group performance for Pitch Interval and Rhythm Pattern Identification.

<p>Error bars represent standard error of the mean.</p

Intelligibility ratings by Levenshtein Distance for each speaker (Experiment 2) plotted against that speaker’s inaccuracy for Self-produced stimuli (Experiment 1), with regression line.

<p>Intelligibility ratings by Levenshtein Distance for each speaker (Experiment 2) plotted against that speaker’s inaccuracy for Self-produced stimuli (Experiment 1), with regression line.</p

(A) Pitch-change detection and pitch-direction discrimination mean group accuracies. (B) Mean group performance for the steady-contour pitch sequence tasks (simple and transposed).

<p>Error bars represent standard error of the mean.</p

Average Levenshtein Distance for stimuli produced by the participant (Self) and by the Average Speaker.

<p>Higher scores indicate greater inaccuracy.</p

Average proportion of correct answers (Accuracy) and Levenshtein Distance for each word list, according to Talker, with standard error bars.

<p>For Levenshtein Distance, higher scores indicate greater inaccuracy.</p

Steady contour pitch sequence task depiction: the second sequence differs from the first in the 2nd tone which has a different frequency but does not violate the contour.

<p>Steady contour pitch sequence task depiction: the second sequence differs from the first in the 2nd tone which has a different frequency but does not violate the contour.</p

Results of the binomial and truncated Poisson mixed-effects regression analyses.

<p>Fixed effects reported in reference to Talker (Average Speaker) and Word Difficulty (Easy).</p><p>* <i>p</i> <.05,</p><p>** <i>p</i> <.01,</p><p>*** <i>p</i> <.001.</p><p>Results of the binomial and truncated Poisson mixed-effects regression analyses.</p

(A) RTs for the Melodic Interval Speeded Classification task and (B) RTs for the Phonological Speeded Classification task in the Redundant (Redun), Baseline (Base) and Orthogonal (Ortho) Conditions.

<p>Error bars represent standard error of the mean.</p